ArticleClinical & experimental ophthalmology2022
Ocular surface disturbance in patients after acute COVID-19.
Article in Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ocular Symptoms as a Marker of Dysautonomia in Long-COVID Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Ocular and Neurological Sequelae in Long COVID: Dry Eye, Asthenopia, Sleep Disorders, Asthenia, and Restless Legs Syndrome-A Case Report with Literature Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of ocular surface temperature in post-COVID-19 patients with different degrees of fever via infrared thermal imaging.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Endothelial Glycocalyx Anomalies and Ocular Manifestations in Patients with Post-Acute COVID-19.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Ocular manifestations of COVID-19: A systematic review of current evidence.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Review
- Evaluation of dry eye disease symptomatology and mental health status among patients with different COVID-19 statuses.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Investigating the Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Dry Eye Parameters.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the Effect of İnfection and İmmunity on the Tear Film by Scheimpflug-Placido Disc Topography- A Case Control Study.Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy · 2023Article
- Vitamin A Deficiency, COVID-19, and Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis (Black Fungus): An Analytical Perspective.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Merging microfluidics with luminescence immunoassays for urgent point-of-care diagnostics of COVID-19.Trends in analytical chemistry : TRAC · 2022Review
- The Ocular Surface Symptoms and Tear Film Parameters during and after COVID-19 Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Ocular surface disturbance in patients after acute COVID-19.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe investigated the ocular surface disturbances in COVID-19 patients discharged from the hospital.
methodsOne hundred and seventy-nine eyes of 109 healthy participants and 456 eyes of 228 post-COVID-19 patients received comprehensive eye examinations; the latter were interviewed with questionnaires on ocular symptoms before and after COVID-19 diagnosis. Associations of ocular surface manifestations with virological and ophthalmic parameters were evaluated by multivariable mixed linear or logistic regression models.
resultsMean interval between COVID-19 diagnosis and ophthalmic evaluation was 52.23 ± 16.12 days. The severity of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) based on clinical staging was higher in post-COVID-19 than healthy eyes (1.14 ± 0.67 vs. 0.92 ± 0.68, p = 0.002) and so was ocular surface staining score (0.60 ± 0.69 vs. 0.49 ± 0.68, p = 0.044). Patients requiring supplementary oxygen during hospitalisation had shorter tear break-up time (β -1.63, 95% CI -2.61 to -0.65). Cycle threshold (Ct) value from upper respiratory samples (inversely correlated with viral load) at diagnosis had an OR = 0.91 (95% CI 0.84-0.98) with new ocular surface symptoms 4 weeks after diagnosis. The presence of ocular surface symptoms 1 week prior to COVID-19 diagnosis showed an OR of 20.89 (95% CI 6.35-68.66) of persistent or new ocular symptoms 4 weeks afterward.
conclusionsMGD and ocular surface staining are more common and severe in post-COVID-19 patients. Patients with higher viral loads have greater risks of ocular surface symptoms. Patients requiring supplementary oxygen are more likely to show tear film instability. Ocular surface evaluation should be considered 1-3 months following hospital discharge for any COVID-19 patient.
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