ArticleWorld journal of pediatrics : WJP2022
Sex-specific differences in ossification patterns of the atlas and axis: a computed tomography study.
Article in World journal of pediatrics : WJP, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Age-dependent development of the interincisive suture: a CT-based study on prevalence and dimensions.Anatomical science international · 2026Article
- Imaging and histological study on the morphological development of the ossification center of the base of odontoid process in children.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Persistence of the midline septum of the odontoid process: anatomical and radiological study.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2025Article
- Skeletal and dental age estimation via postmortem computed tomography in Polish subadults group.International journal of legal medicine · 2023Article
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5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundWe investigated the sex-specific differences in ossification patterns of the first two cervical vertebrae in Chinese children.
methodsA retrospective computed tomography (CT) study was performed between June 2016 and December 2020. Patients younger than 16 years with cervical CT images acquired ≤ 1.5 mm slice thickness were included. All eligible patients were stratified into 2 sex groups and 16 age groups based on 1-year intervals. The ossification status of each synchondrosis and ossification variants were evaluated.
resultsA total of 910 subjects (518 males and 392 females) were included in the study. For the C1 vertebra, the neurocentral synchondroses closed at a median age of 8 years in males and 6.3 years in females, and the posterior synchondrosis fused at 5.4 years in males and at 4.4 years in females. Multifocal anterior arch ossification centers were present in 74 of 411 (18%) subjects, whereas posterior arch variants were observed in 18 of 258 (7%) subjects. For the C2 vertebra, the sequence of complete fusion was as follows: posterior synchondrosis, neurocentral synchondroses, and dentoneural synchondrosis. Uniquely, a fusion line was observed in the dentocentral synchondrosis through adolescence. Anterior arch variants of the C2 vertebra occurred in 17 of 248 (6.9%) subjects. There was no significant difference between the sexes in ossification variants.
conclusionsAll synchondroses of the first two cervical vertebrae fuse slightly earlier in females. The sequence of fusion follows a posterior-to-anterior and caudal-to-cephalad pattern in both sexes. Congenital variants are not rare and should not be confused with trauma.
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