ReviewNature reviews. Nephrology2022
The evolving story of apolipoprotein L1 nephropathy: the end of the beginning.
Review in Nature reviews. Nephrology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Apolipoprotein L1 risk genotypes and odds of lupus nephritis-associated kidney failure in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Apolipoprotein L1 gene variants and kidney disease in patients with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of nephrology · 2023Pooled it
- Antiproteinuric Effect of Sparsentan in Patients with Genetic-Associated FSGS Enrolled in the DUPLEX Trial.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Trial
- Genetic Testing for APOL1 in Adults With Hypertension: The GUARDD-US Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Update on APOL1 and chronic kidney diseases in children.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- An integrative review of APOL1 kidney disease with a focus on the Brazilian population.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Review
- Blood pressure andClinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- When Cure Meets Susceptibility: APOL1 -Associated Kidney Injury After Gene Therapy for Sickle Cell Disease.American journal of hematology · 2026Article
- Large-scale admixture mapping in the All of Us Research Program improves the characterization of cross-population phenotypic differences.Nature communications · 2026Article
- APOL1 kidney risk variants and outcomes in children with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Apolipoproteins L involvement in immunity.Journal of human immunity · 2026Review
- The APOL1 variant p.N264K is predicted to block ion flow by occluding a pore at the cell surface.Life science alliance · 2026Article
- Family History of Kidney Failure, APOL1 Risk Variants, Social Determinants of Health, and Risk of CKD Progression: Findings From the CRIC Study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2026Observational
- APOL1 plasma membrane pools resist rapid protein degradation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Insights From Black Living Kidney Donors: An Interview Study on APOL1 Genetic Testing Experiences.Clinical transplantation · 2026Observational
- Fifty Shades of Risk: Population Studies and the Genetic Architecture of Kidney Diseases.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2026Review
- Genetic insights into the peoples who shaped the American continent.Genetics and molecular biology · 2026Article
- RNA-based therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of kidney diseases.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- APOL1-mediated kidney disease: a narrative review of the lessons learnt from the past 15 years.BMC nephrology · 2025Review
- A novelRenal failure · 2025Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Genetic coding variants in APOL1, which encodes apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), were identified in 2010 and are relatively common among individuals of sub-Saharan African ancestry. Approximately 13% of African Americans carry two APOL1 risk alleles. These variants, termed G1 and G2, are a frequent cause of kidney disease - termed APOL1 nephropathy - that typically manifests as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and the clinical syndrome of hypertension and arterionephrosclerosis. Cell culture studies suggest that APOL1 variants cause cell dysfunction through several processes, including alterations in cation channel activity, inflammasome activation, increased endoplasmic reticulum stress, activation of protein kinase R, mitochondrial dysfunction and disruption of APOL1 ubiquitinylation. Risk of APOL1 nephropathy is mostly confined to individuals with two APOL1 risk variants. However, only a minority of individuals with two APOL1 risk alleles develop kidney disease, suggesting the need for a 'second hit'. The best recognized factor responsible for this 'second hit' is a chronic viral infection, particularly HIV-1, resulting in interferon-mediated activation of the APOL1 promoter, although most individuals with APOL1 nephropathy do not have an obvious cofactor. Current therapies for APOL1 nephropathies are not adequate to halt progression of chronic kidney disease, and new targeted molecular therapies are in clinical trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.