ArticleScientific reports2022
Four-dimensional computed tomography evaluation of shoulder joint motion in collegiate baseball pitchers.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Four-dimensional computed tomography can visualise the in vivo glenoid track and quantify dynamic glenohumeral contact mechanics during active motion in subjects with shoulder instability: A preliminary study.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2026Article
- The relationship between subjective shoulder discomfort and quantitative humeral head translation in baseball players; cross-sectional study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- A minireview of four-dimensional CT and joint biomechanics.Osteoarthritis imaging · 2024Article
- Emerging Innovations in Preoperative Planning and Motion Analysis in Orthopedic Surgery.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the glenohumeral contact area, center of glenohumeral contact area, and center of humeral head during simulated pitching motion in collegiate baseball pitchers using four-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT). We obtained 4D CT data from the dominant and non-dominant shoulders of eight collegiate baseball pitchers during the cocking motion. CT image data of each joint were reconstructed using a 3D reconstruction software package. The glenohumeral contact area, center of glenohumeral contact area, center of humeral head, and oblateness of humeral head were calculated from 3D bone models using customized software. The center of glenohumeral contact area translated from anterior to posterior during maximum external rotation to maximum internal rotation (0.58 ± 0.63 mm on the dominant side and 0.99 ± 0.82 mm on the non-dominant side). The center of humeral head translated from posterior to anterior during maximum external rotation to maximum internal rotation (0.76 ± 0.75 mm on the dominant side and 1.21 ± 0.78 mm on the non-dominant side). The increase in anterior translation of the center of glenohumeral contact area was associated with the increase in posterior translation of the center of humeral head. Also, the increase in translation of the center of humeral head and glenohumeral contact area were associated with the increase in oblateness of the humeral head. 4D CT analyses demonstrated that the center of humeral head translated in the opposite direction to that of the center of glenohumeral contact area during external rotation to internal rotation in abduction in the dominant and non-dominant shoulders. The oblateness of the humeral head may cause this diametric translation. 4D CT scanning and the software for bone surface modeling of the glenohumeral joint enabled quantitative assessment of glenohumeral micromotion and be used for kinematic evaluation of throwing athletes.
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