ArticleCognition2022
Eyes wide open: Regulation of arousal by temporal expectations.
Article in Cognition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond vigilance: A dual-process perspective on visual sustained attention.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- Salient features of task-irrelevant continuous speech distort subjective time.Journal of experimental psychology. General · 2026Article
- Domain-general demands that deactivate multiple-demand regions.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- Eyes on the past: Gaze stability differs between temporal expectation and temporal attention.Journal of vision · 2025Article
- Gazing into spatiotemporal 'known unknowns': the influence of uncertainty on pupil size and saccadic eye movements.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Manipulation of phasic arousal by auditory cues is associated with subsequent changes in visual orienting to faces in infancy.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Exogenous temporal attention varies with temporal uncertainty.Journal of vision · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Maintaining adequate levels of arousal is essential for sustaining performance on extended tasks. To investigate arousal in prolonged tasks such as driving studies have traditionally used monotonous task designs. Both ecological and experimental settings often contain embedded temporal regularities, but it is unknown whether these enable adaptive modulation of arousal. We explored whether temporal predictability can modulate arousal according to the timing of anticipated relevant events. In two experiments, we manipulated the temporal predictability of events to test for behavioural benefits and arousal modulation, using pupillometry as a proxy measure. High temporal predictability significantly lowered the tonic level of arousal briefly increased arousal in anticipation of upcoming stimuli, whereas low temporal predictability resulted in tonically elevated arousal. These novel findings suggest that arousal levels flexibly adapt to the temporal structures of events and bring about energy efficiencies in the context of high levels of behavioural performance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.