Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35217205›Full record

ArticleNeuroImage2022

Triaxial detection of the neuromagnetic field using optically-pumped magnetometry: feasibility and application in children.

Elena Boto, Vishal Shah, Ryan M Hill, Natalie Rhodes, James Osborne, Cody Doyle, Niall Holmes, Molly Rea, James Leggett, Richard Bowtell and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NeuroImage, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed
26.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed, 179 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Spatial-Jitter Model for Magnetoencephalography Sensor Arrays.IEEE transactions on medical imaging · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Expanding the toolkit: OPMs for studying the developing brain.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Enhanced Neural Decoding With Optically Pumped Magnetometer MEG Using Multivariate Pattern Analysis.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2026
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. NovelImaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Elena BotoSir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. Electronic address: elena.boto@nottingham.ac.uk.
Vishal ShahQuSpin Inc. 331 South 104(th) Street, Suite 130, Louisville, Colorado, 80027, USA.
Ryan M HillSir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
Natalie RhodesSir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
James OsborneQuSpin Inc. 331 South 104(th) Street, Suite 130, Louisville, Colorado, 80027, USA.
Cody DoyleQuSpin Inc. 331 South 104(th) Street, Suite 130, Louisville, Colorado, 80027, USA.
Niall HolmesSir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
Molly ReaSir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
James LeggettSir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
Richard BowtellSir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
Matthew J BrookesSir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
University of Nottingham · GBQuSpin (United States) · US

Funding

High-resolution Non-cryogenic Magnetoencephalography: Systems-Level IntegrationR44MH110288 · NIMH · QUSPIN · PI SHAH, VISHAL K · 2016 to 2022
$5.1M
NIMH NIH HHS R44 MH110288
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Optically-pumped magnetometers (OPMs) are an established alternative to superconducting sensors for magnetoencephalography (MEG), offering significant advantages including flexibility to accommodate any head size, uniform coverage, free movement during scanning, better data quality and lower cost. However, OPM sensor technology remains under development; there is flexibility regarding OPM design and it is not yet clear which variant will prove most effective for MEG. Most OPM-MEG implementations have either used single-axis (equivalent to conventional MEG) or dual-axis magnetic field measurements. Here we demonstrate use of a triaxial OPM formulation, able to characterise the full 3D neuromagnetic field vector. We show that this novel sensor is able to characterise magnetic fields with high accuracy and sensitivity that matches conventional (dual-axis) OPMs. We show practicality via measurement of biomagnetic fields from both the heart and the brain. Using simulations, we demonstrate how triaxial measurement offers improved cortical coverage, especially in infants. Finally, we introduce a new 3D-printed child-friendly OPM-helmet and demonstrate feasibility of triaxial measurement in a five-year-old. In sum, the data presented demonstrate that triaxial OPMs offer a significant improvement over dual-axis variants and are likely to become the sensor of choice for future MEG systems, particularly for deployment in paediatric populations.

Indexed as

MagnetoencephalographyMagnetometryBrainChild, PreschoolEquipment DesignFeasibility StudiesHumans

Identifiers

PMID35217205
PMCPMC9135302
OpenAlexW4213330922

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.