ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Embedded Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Spheroids Enhance Cementogenic Differentiation via Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Photobiomodulation and MTA on SHED cell viability and differentiation: an in vitro comparative study.Odontology · 2026Article
- Bioengineering of Periodontal Tissues: Cell Therapy and Biomaterials Application.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Breaking Barriers: Evaluating Challenges in Advancing Periodontal Ligament Cell-Derived Organoids.Dentistry journal · 2025Review
- Oral tissue spheroid, organoid, and organ-on chip microphysiological modeling strategies towards enhanced emulation of health and disease.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Review
- Progress in Basic Research and Clinical Strategies for Cementum Regeneration.International dental journal · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Spheroids reproduce the tissue structure that is found in vivo more accurately than classic two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures. We cultured human periodontal ligament stem cells (HPLSCs) as spheroids that were embedded in collagen gel to examine whether their cementogenic differentiation could be enhanced by treatment with recombinant human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (rhPAI-1). The upregulated expression of cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) and cementum attachment protein (CAP), established cementoblast markers, was observed in the 2D monolayer HPLSCs that were treated with rhPAI-1 for 3 weeks compared with that in the control and osteogenic-induction medium groups. In the embedded HPLSC spheroids, rhPAI-1 treatment induced interplay between the spheroids and collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM), indicating that disaggregated HPLSCs migrated and spread into the surrounding ECM 72 h after three-dimensional (3D) culture. Western blot and immunocytochemistry analyses showed that the CEMP1 expression levels were significantly upregulated in the rhPAI-1-treated embedded HPLSC spheroids compared with all the 2D monolayer HPLSCs groups and the 3D spheroid groups. Therefore, 3D collagen-embedded spheroid culture in combination with rhPAI-1 treatment may be useful for facilitating cementogenic differentiation of HPLSCs.
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Registered trials
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