ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Therapeutic Vaccines against Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Era: Time for Neoantigens?
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- The State-of-the Art of Personalized Vaccines for Non-Communicable Diseases: A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Metabolic Concepts of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors-Based Therapies Against Hepatocarcinogenesis and Therapy Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cancer Vaccines: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Progress, and Combination Immunotherapies with a Focus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoint biology in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- The role of neoantigens and tumor mutational burden in cancer immunotherapy: advances, mechanisms, and perspectives.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- The Malignant Transformation of Viral Hepatitis to Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanisms and Interventions.MedComm · 2025Review
- In silico and cheminformatics prediction with experimental validation of an adipogenesis cocktail, sorafenib with rosiglitazone for HCC dedifferentiation.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2024Article
- Review
- Combination Therapy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with Locoregional Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancers · 2023Review
- Article
- Current status and prospect of treatments for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma.World journal of hepatology · 2023Review
- Mechanisms of Resistance to Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2023Review
- Advances in Targeted Immunotherapy for Hepatobiliary Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapeutic Management in Virus-Associated Digestive System Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A promising therapeutic option for advanced disease.World journal of hepatology · 2022Review
- [Can tumor vaccines really cure liver cancer?]Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been used as immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with promising but still limited results. Identification of immune elements in the tumor microenvironment of individual HCC patients may help to understand the correlations of responses, as well as to design personalized therapies for non-responder patients. Immune-enhancing strategies, such as vaccination, would complement ICI in those individuals with poorly infiltrated tumors. The prominent role of responses against mutated tumor antigens (neoAgs) in ICI-based therapies suggests that boosting responses against these epitopes may specifically target tumor cells. In this review we summarize clinical vaccination trials carried out in HCC, the available information on potentially immunogenic neoAgs in HCC patients, and the most recent results of neoAg-based vaccines in other tumors. Despite the low/intermediate mutational burden observed in HCC, data obtained from neoAg-based vaccines in other tumors indicate that vaccines directed against these tumor-specific antigens would complement ICI in a subset of HCC patients.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.