ArticleViruses2022
West Nile and Usutu Virus Introduction via Migratory Birds: A Retrospective Analysis in Italy.
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying genomic surveillance gaps in Africa for the global public health response to West Nile virus: a systematic review.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Pooled it
- West Nile virus: epidemiology, prevention, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and open research questions.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Early-warning surveillance of West Nile and Usutu viruses in wetland and larval habitat waters and in mosquito excreta using digital PCR.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Shared viral burdens: Molecular evidence of Usutu virus infection and multi-arbovirus exposure in migrant and resident birds at wintering locations in Nigeria.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Incorporating vertical transmission into mechanistic modeling of West Nile virus for optimized control in Germany.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Diagnosis and Surveillance of West Nile Virus Infection in Horses: Current Methods, Challenges, and Future Directions.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Present and Future of Mosquito-Borne Disease Control in Europe with a Specific Focus on the Mediterranean.Insects · 2026Review
- Mosquito viromes across England and Wales reveal hidden arbovirus signals and limited ecological structuring.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Virological Passive Surveillance of Avian Influenza and Arboviruses in Wild Birds: A Two-Year Study (2023-2024) in Lombardy, Italy.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Integrated One Health Surveillance of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in the Veneto Region, Northeastern Italy, from 2022 to 2023.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and surveillance of West Nile virus in the Mediterranean Basin during 2010-2023: A systematic review.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025Review
- Origin and evolution of West Nile virus lineage 1 in Italy.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
- Advancing West Nile virus monitoring through whole genome sequencing: Insights from a One Health genomic surveillance study in Romagna (Italy).One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Vector competence of SwedishOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- West Nile virus spread in Europe: Phylogeographic pattern analysis and key drivers.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Metatranscriptomics Reveals the RNA Virome of Ixodes Persulcatus in the China-North Korea Border, 2017.Viruses · 2023Article
- Spatial and temporal dynamics of West Nile virus between Africa and Europe.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Detection of West Nile and Usutu Virus RNA in Autumn Season in Wild Avian Hosts in Northern Italy.Viruses · 2023Article
- Modelling the timing of migration of a partial migrant bird using ringing and observation data: a case study with the Song Thrush in Italy.Movement ecology · 2023Article
- Arbovirus persistence in North-Western Europe: Are mosquitoes the only overwintering pathway?One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The actual contribution of migratory birds in spreading West Nile (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) across Europe and from Africa to old countries is still controversial. In this study, we reported the results of molecular and serological surveys on migrating birds sampled during peaks of spring and autumn migration at 11 Italian sites located along important flyways, from 2012 to 2014. A total of 1335 specimens made of individual or pooled sera, and organs from 275 dead birds were tested for WNV and USUV RNA by real time PCR (RT-PCR). Furthermore, sera were tested by serum neutralization assay for detecting WNV and USUV neutralizing antibodies. Molecular tests detected WNV lineage 2 RNA in a pool made of three Song Thrush (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.