ArticleViruses2022
Improved Subtyping of Avian Influenza Viruses Using an RT-qPCR-Based Low Density Array: 'Riems Influenza a Typing Array', Version 2 (RITA-2).
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Water-Wheat-Wait: Monitoring wild mallards (One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Molecular surveillance and predictive risk modelling of avian influenza virus in wild birds in Egypt.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Adaptation and validation of an influenza a subtyping panel for detection of H1pdm09, H3 and H5 on a high-throughput RT-qPCR system.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in poultry and domestic cats and occupational exposure among veterinary and other first responders, Germany, February 2026.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- The expanding H5N1 avian influenza panzootic causes high mortality of skuas in Antarctica.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Avian influenza and coronaviruses in live animal and wet markets in Laos: prevalence and public health considerations.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Genomic surveillance and evolution of co-circulating avian influenza H5N1 and H5N8 viruses in Egypt, 2022-2024.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- High serological barriers may contribute to restricted Influenza-A-virus transmission between pigs and humans.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Spillover infections by rustrela virus, borna disease virus 1 and tick-borne encephalitis virus revealed by retrospective screening of mammalian encephalitis of unknown origin.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Determination of H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Persistence Following a 2024 Backyard Poultry Outbreak in Romania.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Monitoring influenza A virus in wild migratory birds and waterfowl in Libya using RT-qPCR.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Novel (d)PCR assays for influenza A(H5Nx) viruses clade 2.3.4.4b surveillance.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Emerging Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b Causes Neurological Disease and Mortality in Scavenging Ducks in Bangladesh.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Exploring the Use of Passive Samplers for the Surveillance of Avian Influenza Viruses in Wetlands: A Laboratory and Field Validation Study.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Virological Passive Surveillance of Avian Influenza and Arboviruses in Wild Birds: A Two-Year Study (2023-2024) in Lombardy, Italy.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Article
- Severe subcutaneous infection with Clostridium septicum in a herd of native Icelandic horses.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Wild passerines as potential carriers and sources of avian influenza viruses in Ukraine.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Out of the blue: detection of a unique highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of subtype H7N5 in Germany.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Avian raptors are indicator species and victims of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus HPAIV H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) in Germany.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) variants emerge frequently, which challenges rapid diagnosis. Appropriate diagnosis reaching the sub- and pathotype level is the basis of combatting notifiable AIV infections. Real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) has become a standard diagnostic tool. Here, a total of 24 arrayed RT-qPCRs is introduced for full subtyping of 16 hemagglutinin and nine neuraminidase subtypes of AIV. This array, designated Riems Influenza A Typing Array version 2 (RITA-2), represents an updated and economized version of the RITA-1 array previously published by Hoffmann et al. RITA-2 provides improved integration of assays (24 instead of 32 parallel reactions) and reduced assay volume (12.5 µL). The technique also adds RT-qPCRs to detect Newcastle Disease (NDV) and Infectious Bronchitis viruses (IBV). In addition, it maximizes inclusivity (all sequences within one subtype) and exclusivity (no intersubtypic cross-reactions) as shown in validation runs using a panel of 428 AIV reference isolates, 15 reference samples each of NDV and IBV, and 122 clinical samples. The open format of RITA-2 is particularly tailored to subtyping influenza A virus of avian hosts and Eurasian geographic origin. Decoupling and re-arranging selected RT-qPCRs to detect specific AIV variants causing epizootic outbreaks with a temporal and/or geographic restriction is possible.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.