ReviewViruses2022
Virus-like Particles: Measures and Biological Functions.
Review in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coevolutionary dynamics of viruses and their defective interfering particles.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Systematic scale-up and enhanced purification of marine cyanophage P-SSP7.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Non-viral gene therapy for hemophilia A: long-term outcomes of minicircle FVIII delivery in a mouse model.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Infection-sensing minigenome as a novel therapeutic approach against Ebola virus.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Protein nanocages: A new frontier in mucosal vaccine delivery and immune activation.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Phenotypic and genetic changes of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus during serial passage in susceptible cell lines.Archives of virology · 2025Article
- Coevolutionary dynamics of viruses and their defective interfering particles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Matryoshka Dolls of Virus Evolution: The Internal Forces That Shape Viral Fate.Integrative and comparative biology · 2025Article
- The producer cell type of HSV-1 alters the proteomic contents and infectious capacity of virions.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection of substantia nigra pars compacta induces expression of miR-330-5p at 10 days post-infection.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Genomic characterization and pre-clinical evaluation of a new polyvalent lytic Loughborough phage.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Limit of Detection of Raman Spectroscopy Using Polystyrene Particles from 25 to 1000 nm in Aqueous Suspensions.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Successful Inactivation of High-Consequence Pathogens in PrimeStore Molecular Transport Media.Viruses · 2025Article
- Navigating the Purification Process: Maintaining the Integrity of Replication-Competent Enveloped Viruses.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Article
- Improved efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 isolation from COVID-19 clinical specimens using VeroE6 cells overexpressing TMPRSS2 and human ACE2.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Simultaneous Protein and RNA Analysis in Single Extracellular Vesicles, Including Viruses.ACS nano · 2024Article
- Plant-Produced Chimeric Hepatitis E Virus-like Particles as Carriers for Antigen Presentation.Viruses · 2024Article
- Bioinformatic analysis of defective viral genomes in SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on population infection characteristics.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Virus-Like Particles Based on the Novel Goose Parvovirus (NGPV) VP2 Protein Protect Ducks against NGPV Challenge.Vaccines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Virus-like particles resemble infectious virus particles in size, shape, and molecular composition; however, they fail to productively infect host cells. Historically, the presence of virus-like particles has been inferred from total particle counts by microscopy, and infectious particle counts or plaque-forming-units (PFUs) by plaque assay; the resulting ratio of particles-to-PFUs is often greater than one, easily 10 or 100, indicating that most particles are non-infectious. Despite their inability to hijack cells for their reproduction, virus-like particles and the defective genomes they carry can exhibit a broad range of behaviors: interference with normal virus growth during co-infections, cell killing, and activation or inhibition of innate immune signaling. In addition, some virus-like particles become productive as their multiplicities of infection increase, a sign of cooperation between particles. Here, we review established and emerging methods to count virus-like particles and characterize their biological functions. We take a critical look at evidence for defective interfering virus genomes in natural and clinical isolates, and we review their potential as antiviral therapeutics. In short, we highlight an urgent need to better understand how virus-like genomes and particles interact with intact functional viruses during co-infection of their hosts, and their impacts on the transmission, severity, and persistence of virus-associated diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.