ReviewViruses2022
Therapeutic DNA Vaccines against HPV-Related Malignancies: Promising Leads from Clinical Trials.
Review in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical research progress and challenges of vaccine for human papillomavirus-associated cancers.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- The State-of-the Art of Personalized Vaccines for Non-Communicable Diseases: A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2026Review
- A low-dose self-amplifying mRNA vaccine encoding HPV16 E6/E7 induces potent T-cell immunity and antitumor protection in mice.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Bidirectional Interactions Between Cervicovaginal Microbiota and Human Papillomavirus Drive Persistence and Disease Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Intranasal boosting enhances genital tract T cell immunity following ChAdOx1/MVA hrHPV therapeutic vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- An Ad26-MVA-BN-based therapeutic vaccine targeting HPV16 and HPV18 related disease is immunogenic in preclinical models and in women with persistent HPV infections.Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Article
- Precision therapeutic targets for HPV-positive cancers: an overview and new insights.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Review
- The Relationship between Systemic Expression Levels of Immune Cells and Tumor Markers and High-Risk HPV Infection in Patients with Cervical Cancer, Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia, and Chronic Cervicitis, and its Clinical Significance.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Enhancement of HPV therapeutic peptide-based vaccine efficacy through combination therapies and improved delivery strategies: A review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Identifying the Gaps in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Uptake: An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Adults in Tennessee.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Comprehensive Analysis ofArchives of Razi Institute · 2024Review
- New insights for the development of efficient DNA vaccines.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Review
- HPV Infections-Classification, Pathogenesis, and Potential New Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Development of an mRNA-based therapeutic vaccine mHTV-03E2 for high-risk HPV-related malignancies.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Lipid Nanoparticles Outperform Electroporation in Delivering Therapeutic HPV DNA Vaccines.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity and effectiveness of an mRNA therapeutic vaccine for HPV-related malignancies.Life science alliance · 2024Article
- Advances in molecular basis of response to immunotherapy for penile cancer: better screening of responders.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Is immunotherapy a potential game changer in managing human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and intraepithelial neoplasia?Tumour virus research · 2023Article
- Chemical Peeling Therapy Using Phenol for the Cervico-Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia.Viruses · 2023Article
- Highlights into historical and current immune interventions for cancer.International immunopharmacology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 2014 and 2021, two nucleic-acid vaccine candidates named MAV E2 and VGX-3100 completed phase III clinical trials in Mexico and U.S., respectively, for patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-related, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). These well-tolerated but still unlicensed vaccines encode distinct HPV antigens (E2 versus E6+E7) to elicit cell-mediated immune responses; their clinical efficacy, as measured by HSIL regression or cure, was modest when compared with placebo or surgery (conization), but both proved highly effective in clearing HPV infection, which should help further optimize strategies for enhancing vaccine immunogenicity, toward an ultimate goal of preventing malignancies in millions of patients who are living with persistent, oncogenic HPV infection but are not expected to benefit from current, prophylactic vaccines. The major roadblocks to a highly efficacious and practical product remain challenging and can be classified into five categories: (i) getting the vaccines into the right cells for efficient expression and presentation of HPV antigens (fusion proteins or epitopes); (ii) having adequate coverage of oncogenic HPV types, beyond the current focus on HPV-16 and -18; (iii) directing immune protection to various epithelial niches, especially anogenital mucosa and upper aerodigestive tract where HPV-transformed cells wreak havoc; (iv) establishing the time window and vaccination regimen, including dosage, interval and even combination therapy, for achieving maximum efficacy; and (v) validating therapeutic efficacy in patients with poor prognosis because of advanced, recurrent or non-resectable malignancies. Overall, the room for improvements is still large enough that continuing efforts for research and development will very likely extend into the next decade.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.