ArticleViruses2022
Synergistic Pathogenicity by Coinfection and Sequential Infection with NADC30-like PRRSV and PCV2 in Post-Weaned Pigs.
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and immunological evaluation of a multi-antigen recombinant adenovirus vaccine candidate against PRRSV and PCV2.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Prophylactic immunomodulation with α-mannan attenuates PRRSV-induced disease in piglets.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Co-infection of Cystoisospora suis with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli synergistically increases pathogenicity in weaned piglets.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Retinoic acid inhibits the infection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Emerging Challenges and Advances in Porcine Circovirus: A Decade in Review.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Review
- Epidemiological analysis based on ORF5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China in 2019-2024.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Global trends of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae from different host sources.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Circovirus Rep evades immune restriction by disrupting cGAS oligomerization and phase separation.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Mining Porcine Blood Whole-DNA Sequencing Datasets to Uncover Pig Viromes: An Exploratory Application to Identify Potential Infecting Agents of an Undefined Disease Outbreak.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- The Prevalence and Genetic Characteristics of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Shandong Province, China, 2018-2020.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- Molecular Positivity of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Associated with Production Practices on Farms in Jalisco, Mexico.Viruses · 2024Article
- A Comprehensive Review on Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus with Emphasis on Immunity.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Article
- Secondary Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (HP-PRRSV2) Infection Augments Inflammatory Responses, Clinical Outcomes, and Pathogen Load inVeterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Development of a Multiplex Crystal Digital RT-PCR for Differential Detection of Classical, Highly Pathogenic, and NADC30-like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus (PCVs) are two major viruses that affect pigs. Coinfections between PRRSV and PCV2 are frequently reported in most outbreaks, with clinical presentations involving dyspnea, fever, reduced feed intake, weight loss, and death in fattening pigs. The NADC30-like PRRSV and PCV2d are the main circulating virus strains found in China. This study determines the impact of NADC30-like PRRSV and PCV2d mono-infection and coinfection on the immune system, organ pathology, and viral shedding in five-week-old post-weaned pigs. Pigs were randomly divided into six groups: PBS, PRRSV, PCV2, PRRSV-PCV2 coinfection (co), and PRRSV-PCV2 or PCV2-PRRSV sequential infections. Fever, dyspnea, decreased feed intake, weight loss, and pig deaths occurred in groups infected with PRRSV, Co-PRRSV-PCV2, and PRRSV-PCV2. The viral load was higher in Co-PRRSV-PCV2, PRRSV-PCV2, and PCV2-PRRSV than those mono-infected with PRRSV or PCV2. Additionally, cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10) produced by pigs under Co-PRRSV-PCV2 and PRRSV-PCV2 groups were more intense than the other groups. Necropsy findings showed hemorrhage, emphysema, and pulmonary adhesions in the lungs of pigs infected with PRRSV. Smaller alveoli and widened lung interstitium were found in the Co-PRRSV-PCV2 and PRRSV-PCV2 groups. In conclusion, PRRSV and PCV2 coinfection and sequential infection significantly increased viral pathogenicity and cytokine responses, resulting in severe clinical signs, lung pathology, and death.
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