ArticleViruses2022
Codon Usage for Genetic Diversity, and Evolutionary Dynamics of Novel Porcine Parvoviruses 2 through 7 (PPV2-PPV7).
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Detection and Molecular Characterization of Novel Porcine Parvovirus 8 Strains in China.Viruses · 2025Article
- Systematic analysis of the codon usage patterns of African swine fever virus genome coding sequences reveals its host adaptation phenotype.Microbial genomics · 2024Article
- A Subunit Vaccine Based on the VP2 Protein of Porcine Parvovirus 1 Induces a Strong Protective Effect in Pregnant Gilts.Vaccines · 2023Article
- The Synergic Role of Emerging and Endemic Swine Virus in the Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex: Pathological and Biomolecular Analysis.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Analyzing the Evolution and Host Adaptation of the Rabies Virus from the Perspective of Codon Usage Bias.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is the main pathogen of reproductive disorders. In recent years, a new type of porcine parvovirus has been discovered and named porcine parvovirus 2 to 7 (PPV2-PPV7), and it is associated with porcine circovirus type 2 in pigs. Codon usage patterns and their effects on the evolution and host adaptation of different PPV sub-types are still largely unknown. Here, we define six main sub-types based on the Bayesian method of structural proteins of each sub-type of PPV, including PPV2, PPV3, PPV4, PPV5, PPV6, and PPV7, which show different degrees of codon usage preferences. The effective number of codons (ENC) indicates that all PPV sub-types have low codon bias. According to the codon adaptation index (CAI), PPV3 and PPV7 have the highest similarity with the host, which is related to the main popular tendency of the host in the field; according to the frequency of optimal codons (FOP), PPV7 has the highest frequency of optimal codons, indicating the most frequently used codons in its genes; and according to the relative codon deoptimization index (RCDI), PPV3 has a higher degree. Therefore, it is determined that mutational stress has a certain impact on the codon usage preference of PPV genes, and natural selection plays a very decisive and dominant role in the codon usage pattern. Our research provides a new perspective on the evolution of porcine parvovirus (PPV) and may help provide a new method for future research on the origin, evolutionary model, and host adaptation of PPV.
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