ArticlePolymers2022
Fabrication and Characterization of PCL/HA Filament as a 3D Printing Material Using Thermal Extrusion Technology for Bone Tissue Engineering.
Article in Polymers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Green and Scalable Manufacturing of Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds: Solvent-Free Processing, Supercritical COPolymers · 2026Review
- Polymeric Powders for Powder Bed Fusion: From Chemistry and Powder Characteristics to Process Parameters, Defects and Applications.Polymers · 2026Review
- Kartogenin-loaded chitosan composite scaffold with cartilage-mimetic microstructure for layered osteochondral repair and cartilage phenotype maintenance.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- IL-4/Nanohydroxyapatite Codelivery in a Dual-Bionic Scaffold: Design and Immunomodulatory Endogenous Osteogenesis Mechanism.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- The genesis of citrated ultrathin hydroxyapatite nanorods.Science advances · 2026Article
- Coupled osteogenesis and angiogenesis on 3D-printed highly porous PCL/magnesium/laponite nanocomposite scaffold.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Predicting Strut Geometry of PCL and DMSOMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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- Characterization and Biocompatibility Assessment of 3D-Printed HA/PCL Porous Bionic Bone Scaffold:Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2025Article
- Polycaprolactone for Hard Tissue Regeneration: Scaffold Design and In Vivo Implications.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Bone grafts and synthetic substitutes in dental applications: a comprehensive review of molecular mechanisms, materials evolution, and clinical perspective.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
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- Article
- Rheological Properties and 3D Printing Behavior of PCL and DMSOMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Comparative analysis of solvent-based and solvent-free (melting) methods for fabricating 3D-printed polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffolds: physicochemical/mechanical analyses andFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Performance of 3D printed porous polyetheretherketone composite scaffolds combined with nano-hydroxyapatite/carbon fiber in bone tissue engineering: a biological evaluation.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Towards Polycaprolactone-Based Scaffolds for Alveolar Bone Tissue Engineering: A Biomimetic Approach in a 3D Printing Technique.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Resorbable Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration: Critical Features, Potentials, and Limitations.ACS materials Au · 2023Review
- Gamma radiation effect on the chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of PCL/MCM-48-PVA nanocomposite films.Heliyon · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The most common three-dimensional (3D) printing method is material extrusion, where a pre-made filament is deposited layer-by-layer. In recent years, low-cost polycaprolactone (PCL) material has increasingly been used in 3D printing, exhibiting a sufficiently high quality for consideration in cranio-maxillofacial reconstructions. To increase osteoconductivity, prefabricated filaments for bone repair based on PCL can be supplemented with hydroxyapatite (HA). However, few reports on PCL/HA composite filaments for material extrusion applications have been documented. In this study, solvent-free fabrication for PCL/HA composite filaments (HA 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% weight/weight PCL) was addressed, and parameters for scaffold fabrication in a desktop 3D printer were confirmed. Filaments and scaffold fabrication temperatures rose with increased HA content. The pore size and porosity of the six groups' scaffolds were similar to each other, and all had highly interconnected structures. Six groups' scaffolds were evaluated by measuring the compressive strength, elastic modulus, water contact angle, and morphology. A higher amount of HA increased surface roughness and hydrophilicity compared to PCL scaffolds. The increase in HA content improved the compressive strength and elastic modulus. The obtained data provide the basis for the biological evaluation and future clinical applications of PCL/HA material.
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Registered trials
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