ArticleNutrients2022
Saponins of Korean Red Ginseng May Protect Human Skin from Adipokine-Associated Inflammation and Pigmentation Resulting from Particulate Matter Exposure.
Article in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cellular and molecular regulation of skin by ginseng and its bioactive Constituents: A review of studies from 2021 to 2025.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Biological Roles of Melanin and Natural Product-Derived Approaches for Its Modulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Can Panax ginseng help protect the body from the harmful effects of airborne particulate matter?Journal of ginseng research · 2025Review
- Particulate Matter and Its Molecular Effects on Skin: Implications for Various Skin Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Phenolic acids inJournal of ginseng research · 2023Article
- Association of Nutrition, Obesity and Skin.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Promoting New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for research on skin color changes in response to environmental stress factors: tobacco and air pollution.Frontiers in toxicology · 2023Review
- Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Blue Fenugreek Kale Extract on Skin Health and Aging: In-vitro and Clinical Evidences.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) is an ever-increasing concern worldwide. Strategies to counter the detrimental effects that follow cutaneous exposure to PM, such as induction of pigmentation, inflammation, and alterations in adipokine profile, need to be investigated further. Korean red ginseng (KRG) extracts and individual ingredients have been demonstrated to play an effective role in suppression of ROS, inflammation, and resultant skin aging. In addition, recent investigations revealed that Rg3 and Rf saponins work as antimelanogenic agents. In this study, we investigated whether saponins of KRG can protect against or reverse the PM-induced detrimental effects.
methodsThe biological effects of PM and saponins were evaluated both in vitro and ex vivo. Cell viability and intracellular ROS levels were determined in normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHMs), human epidermal keratinocytes (NHKs), and their cocultures. Experiments to demonstrate the protective properties of saponins against consequences of exposure to PM were performed. Melanin assay, quantitative real-time PCR, and Western blotting were carried out to determine the effects on melanogenesis and the implicated molecular signaling pathways.
resultsExposure to PM resulted in decreased keratinocyte viability, which was coupled with augmented oxidative stress. These changes were attenuated by treatment with saponins. PM exposure resulted in increased expression of leptin, which was reduced by saponins. Moreover, PM exposure led to increased melanin production in a coculture model, which was mitigated by treatment with saponins. Treatment with saponins resulted in a decrease in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels after exposure to PM.
conclusionSaponins of KRG can protect the skin from the harmful effects of PM exposure by reducing levels of ROS, leptin, inflammatory cytokines, and melanin.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.