ReviewNutrients2022
Lutein and Zeaxanthin and Their Roles in Age-Related Macular Degeneration-Neurodegenerative Disease.
Review in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 250 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lutein and zeaxanthin for reducing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Potential Use of Tomato Peel, a Rich Source of Lycopene, for Cancer Treatment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Glycemic and lipid responses to selenium-enriched vs. zeaxanthin-enriched eggs in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 12-week randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Trial
- Pistachio Consumption Increases Macular Pigment Optical Density in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Dietary and Formulation Potential of Natural Oils and Fats in Ocular Health and Disease: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Directions.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Carotenoids in the Context of the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern: From Food Matrix and Bioavailability to Biomarkers and Human Health.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Few-shot learning-driven discovery of Lutein suppresses Th1-mediated inflammation via glucose metabolism.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Iontophoresis Drug Delivery to the Macula of Lutein for Age Related Macular Degeneration.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Healing from the Ocean: Targeting Shared Mechanisms in Autism and Epilepsy Using Algae-Derived Compounds.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- High Methoxyl Pectin Consistently Reduces β-Carotene Bioaccessibility Across Various Gastrointestinal Digestion Conditions.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- Bioactive Properties of Carotenoids in Ocular Diseases: Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Neuroprotective Effects.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Effect of a Nutraceutical-Oriented Dietary Intervention on Serum Carotenoids and Antioxidant Vitamin Concentrations in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Lutein and zeaxanthin provide protection against aflatoxin BMycotoxin research · 2026Article
- Zeaxanthin-Producing Winogradskyella schleiferi Strains.Journal of basic microbiology · 2026Article
- Evaluating Carotenoids Intake of Pregnant Women: A FFQ-Based Approach to Dietary Patterns.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Article
- Carotenoids modulate fermentation of inulin ex vivo in IBS and overweight adult gut microbiota.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Lutein and zeaxanthin belong to the xanthophyll family of carotenoids, which are pigments produced by plants. Structurally, they are very similar, differing only slightly in the arrangement of atoms. Key sources of these carotenoids include kale, savoy cabbage, spinach, broccoli, peas, parsley, corn, and egg yolks. The recommended daily intake of lutein is approximately 10.0 mg and that of zeaxanthin is 2 mg. Lutein intake in adults varies, with average intakes being 1-2 mg/day. Due to the lack of synthesis of consumption of these compounds in humans, these substances are extremely important for the proper functioning of certain organs of the body (eye, skin, heart, intestines). Eating a lot of dark leafy vegetables and some fruits can help to prevent our bodies from developing diseases. The protective effects of carotenoids are mainly related to their defense against oxidative stress and their ability to scavenge free radicals. Lutein and zeaxanthin are the only dietary carotenoids that accumulate in the retina, specifically the macula, and are called macular pigments. These carotenoids are concentrated by the action of specific binding proteins such as StARD3, which binds lutein, and GSTP1, which binds zeaxanthin and its dietary metabolite, mesozeaxanthin. It has been shown that supportive therapy with lutein and zeaxanthin can have a beneficial effect in delaying the progression of eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts. This article presents the current state of knowledge on the role of lutein and zeaxanthin, especially from human studies targeting their metabolism and bioavailability, with recommendations to consume xanthophyll-rich foods.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.