Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35215453›Full record

Trial reportNutrients2022

The Effect of ß-Glucan Prebiotic on Kidney Function, Uremic Toxins and Gut Microbiome in Stage 3 to 5 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Predialysis Participants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Zarina Ebrahim, Sebastian Proost, Raul Yhossef Tito, Jeroen Raes, Griet Glorieux, Mohammed Rafique Moosa, Renée Blaauw

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 43 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
7.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Gut-kidney axis: Dysbiosis and renal disease.World journal of nephrology · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
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  20. The role of the intestinal microbiome in cognitive decline in patients with kidney disease.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Zarina EbrahimDivision of Human Nutrition, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-8612-1839
Sebastian ProostLaboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-6792-9442
Raul Yhossef TitoLaboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Jeroen RaesLaboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Griet GlorieuxDepartment of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-7641-4707
Mohammed Rafique MoosaDepartment of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.
Renée BlaauwDivision of Human Nutrition, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-7413-5918
Rega Institute for Medical Research · BEStellenbosch University · ZAGhent University Hospital · BE

Funding

National Research Foundation 129901
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is growing evidence that gut dysbiosis contributes to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) owing to several mechanisms, including microbiota-derived uremic toxins, diet and immune-mediated factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a ß-glucan prebiotic on kidney function, uremic toxins and the gut microbiome in stage 3 to 5 CKD participants. Fifty-nine participants were randomized to either the ß-glucan prebiotic intervention group (n = 30) or the control group (n = 29). The primary outcomes were to assess kidney function (urea, creatinine and glomerular filtration rate), plasma levels of total and free levels of uremic toxins (p-cresyl sulfate (pCS), indoxyl-sulfate (IxS), p-cresyl glucuronide (pCG) and indoxyl 3-acetic acid (IAA) and gut microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing at baseline, week 8 and week 14. The intervention group (age 40.6 ± 11.4 y) and the control group (age 41.3 ± 12.0 y) did not differ in age or any other socio-demographic variables at baseline. There were no significant changes in kidney function over 14 weeks. There was a significant reduction in uremic toxin levels at different time points, in free IxS at 8 weeks (p = 0.003) and 14 weeks (p < 0.001), free pCS (p = 0.006) at 14 weeks and total and free pCG (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) and at 14 weeks. There were no differences in relative abundances of genera between groups. The redundancy analysis showed a few factors significantly affected the gut microbiome: these included triglyceride levels (p < 0.001), body mass index (p = 0.002), high- density lipoprotein (p < 0.001) and the prebiotic intervention (p = 0.002). The ß-glucan prebiotic significantly altered uremic toxin levels of intestinal origin and favorably affected the gut microbiome.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeRenal Insufficiency, ChronicAdultGlucansHumansKidneyMiddle AgedPrebioticsRNA, Ribosomal, 16SUremic ToxinsGlucansPrebioticsRNA, Ribosomal, 16SUremic Toxinschronic kidney disease (CKD)gut microbiomeprebioticuremic toxins

Identifiers

PMID35215453
PMCPMC8880761
OpenAlexW4212874213

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.