ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Systematic Review of Gossypol/AT-101 in Cancer Clinical Trials.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Clinical implications of lactylation modification in digestive system tumors (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Lactate metabolism and lactylation in female reproductive diseases: From metabolic rewiring to biomarkers and translational therapeutics.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Lactylation: a promising target for musculoskeletal disorders via interactions with chronic inflammation.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- AT-101 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of tongue squamous carcinoma cells by targeting the miR-21-5p/FDX1 axis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Harnessing tumor acidity: innovative lactic acid-responsive promoter enables precision control of CAR-T cell activity in solid tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Lactate-lactylation in tumor angiogenesis and progression: mechanisms, biomarker potential, and therapeutic implications.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Lactylation in cancer: molecular mechanisms and advances in clinical study.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- The lactate-lactylation axis in tumor radioresistance: metabolic, epigenetic, and immune mechanisms with emerging links to RNA regulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Integrated characterization of six sesquiterpene synthases unravels diversified terpene biosynthesis in the mint speciesFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- TRAIL of Hope: Bioactive Dietary Component-Driven Carrier-Free Nanoplatforms for Synergistically Enhanced Tumor Multimodal Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- The multifaceted functions of lactate and its translational potentials in cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Glucose and Lactate, Starters or Intermediates of Cancer Metabolic Rewiring.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Regulation of drug resistance in bladder urothelial carcinoma by tumor aerobic glycolysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Stemness regulation in prostate cancer: prostate cancer stem cells and targeted therapy.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Deciphering enemy tactics - the narrow path to an optimal anti-cancer strategy targeting the Warburg effect.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- Tumor Microenvironment Lactate: Is It a Cancer Progression Marker, Immunosuppressant, and Therapeutic Target?Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Inhibition of platin-induced BCL2 increase overcomes chemoresistance in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck through resensitization to cell death.Translational oncology · 2025Article
- Lactate and lactylation in cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The potential of gossypol and of its R-(-)-enantiomer (R-(-)-gossypol acetic acid, AT-101), has been evaluated for treatment of cancer as an independent agent and in combination with standard chemo-radiation-therapies, respectively. This review assesses the evidence for safety and clinical effectiveness of oral gossypol/AT-101 in treating various types of cancer. The databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov were examined. Phase I and II trials as well as single arm and randomized trials were included in this review. Results were screened to determine if they met inclusion criteria and then summarized using a narrative approach. A total of 17 trials involving 759 patients met the inclusion criteria. Overall, orally applied gossypol/AT-101 at low doses (30 mg daily or lower) was determined as well tolerable either as monotherapy or in combination with chemo-radiation. Adverse events should be strictly monitored and were successfully managed by dose-reduction or treating symptoms. There are four randomized trials, two performed in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, one in subjects with head and neck cancer, and one in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Thereby, standard chemotherapy (either docetaxel (two trials) or docetaxel plus cisplatin or docetaxel plus prednisone) was tested with and without AT-101. Within these trials, a potential benefit was observed in high-risk patients or in some patients with prolongation in progression-free survival or in overall survival. Strikingly, the most recent clinical trial combined low dose AT-101 with docetaxel, fluorouracil, and radiation, achieving complete responses in 11 of 13 patients with gastroesophageal carcinoma (median duration of 12 months) and a median progression-free survival of 52 months. The promising results shown in subsets of patients supports the need of further specification of AT-101 sensitive cancers as well as for the establishment of effective AT-101-based therapy. In addition, the lowest recommended dose of gossypol and its precise toxicity profile need to be confirmed in further studies. Randomized placebo-controlled trials should be performed to validate these data in large cohorts.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.