ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Discovery, Development, Inventions and Patent Review of Fexinidazole: The First All-Oral Therapy for Human African Trypanosomiasis.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Fexinidazole in Subjects with Hepatic Impairment.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Article
- Exploring Novel Nitrofuryl-1,3,4-Thiadiazole-Based Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of In Vitro Leishmanicidal and Trypanocidal Activity.Archiv der Pharmazie · 2026Article
- Unexpected Clinical Drug-Drug Interaction of Fexinidazole on Midazolam Pharmacokinetics: Insights into Underlying Mechanisms from Clinical Phase I Study Results and Supporting In Vivo/Vitro Evidence.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Article
- New insights for an old drug: difluoromethylornithine boosts the trypanocidal action of benznidazole onFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Interventions for Neglected Diseases Caused by Kinetoplastid Parasites: A One Health Approach to Drug Discovery, Development, and Deployment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Uncovering the Unusual Inhibition Mechanism of a Trypanosome Alternative Oxidase Inhibitor Displaying Broad-Spectrum Activity against African Animal Trypanosomes.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Transforming the chemotherapy of human African trypanosomiasis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Free Radical Production Induced by Nitroimidazole Compounds Lead to Cell Death inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- In vitro trypanocidal activities and structure-activity relationships of ciprofloxacin analogs.Molecular diversity · 2024Article
- Antigiardial and antiamebic activities of fexinidazole and its metabolites: new drug leads for giardiasis and amebiasis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Article
- Highlights on the Development, Related Patents, and Prospects of Lenacapavir: The First-in-Class HIV-1 Capsid Inhibitor for the Treatment of Multi-Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Infection.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Further Investigations of Nitroheterocyclic Compounds as Potential Antikinetoplastid Drug Candidates.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- The Urgent Threat ofBiomedicines · 2023Review
- Oral Brincidofovir Therapy for Monkeypox Outbreak: A Focused Review on the Therapeutic Potential, Clinical Studies, Patent Literature, and Prospects.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Fexinidazole for Human African Trypanosomiasis, the Fruit of a Successful Public-Private Partnership.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Therapeutic and Prophylactic Potential of Quercetin against COVID-19: An Outlook on the Clinical Studies, Inventive Compositions, and Patent Literature.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Plant Terpenoids as Hit Compounds against Trypanosomiasis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT or 'sleeping sickness') is a neglected tropical disease. If untreated, it is always fatal and leads to death. A few treatments are available for HAT, but most of them require a skilled professional, which increases the financial burden on the patient. Recently, fexinidazole (FEX) has been approved by the European Medicine Agency (EMA) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) as the first all-oral therapy for the treatment of stage-1 (hemolymphatic) as well as stage-2 (meningoencephalitic) of HAT. Before the FEX approval, there were separate treatments for stage-1 and stage-2 of HAT. This study reviews the discovery, development timeline, inventions, and patent literature of FEX. It was first approved by EMA and USFDA in 2018 and 2021, respectively. FEX was also added to the World Health Organization's list of essential drugs in 2019. The patent literature search revealed many types of patents/patent applications (compound, salt, process, method of treatment, drug combinations, and compositions) related to FEX, which have been summarized in this article. The authors foresee a great scope to develop more inventions based on FEX (novel salts, polymorphs, drug conjugates, cyclodextrin complex, etc.) for the treatment of many protozoal diseases (Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease), inflammatory diseases, and other microbial infections. New combinations of FEX with other treatments of HAT may also provide fruitful results. This review might be useful to the scientists working on the HAT and other neglected diseases to develop novel inventions and innovations of therapeutic relevance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.