Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35215212›Full record

ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Long-Term Sequelae of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of One-Year Follow-Up Studies on Post-COVID Symptoms.

Qing Han, Bang Zheng, Luke Daines, Aziz Sheikh

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06178952 (Transcranial Pulse Stimulation), which is not on this map. Cited by 339 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
339citing papers in PubMed, 13 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06178952 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS) in Post-COVID-19

TypeinterventionalSponsorMedical University of ViennaRan2024 to 2027Enrolled102ConditionsPost-COVID-19 Syndrome, FatigueArmsTranscranial pulse stimulation Verum, Transcranial pulse stimulation Sham
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

339 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Global prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective evidence.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025
    Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Guideline
  10. Pooled it
  11. SARS-CoV-2 post-acute sequelae in previously hospitalised patients: systematic literature review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023
    Pooled it
  12. Pooled it
  13. Pooled it
  14. Trial
  15. Profiles of Individuals With Long COVID Reporting Persistent Cognitive Complaints.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025
    Trial
  16. Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Targeting Severe Fatigue Following Coronavirus Disease 2019: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023
    Trial
  17. Observational
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

279 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Qing HanDepartment of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2ER, UK.
Bang ZhengUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1814-6692
Luke DainesUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0564-4000
Aziz SheikhUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK.

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_PC_19004Medical Research Council MR/V027859/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Emerging evidence has shown that COVID-19 survivors could suffer from persistent symptoms. However, it remains unclear whether these symptoms persist over the longer term. This study aimed to systematically synthesise evidence on post-COVID symptoms persisting for at least 12 months. We searched PubMed and Embase for papers reporting at least one-year follow-up results of COVID-19 survivors published by 6 November 2021. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate pooled prevalence of specific post-COVID symptoms. Eighteen papers that reported one-year follow-up data from 8591 COVID-19 survivors were included. Fatigue/weakness (28%, 95% CI: 18-39), dyspnoea (18%, 95% CI: 13-24), arthromyalgia (26%, 95% CI: 8-44), depression (23%, 95% CI: 12-34), anxiety (22%, 95% CI: 15-29), memory loss (19%, 95% CI: 7-31), concentration difficulties (18%, 95% CI: 2-35), and insomnia (12%, 95% CI: 7-17) were the most prevalent symptoms at one-year follow-up. Existing evidence suggested that female patients and those with more severe initial illness were more likely to suffer from the sequelae after one year. This study demonstrated that a sizeable proportion of COVID-19 survivors still experience residual symptoms involving various body systems one year later. There is an urgent need for elucidating the pathophysiologic mechanisms and developing and testing targeted interventions for long-COVID patients.

Indexed as

long-COVIDmeta-analysispost-acute sequelae of COVID-19prevalencesymptom

Identifiers

PMID35215212
PMCPMC8875269

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.