ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2022
The Association between TNF-α, IL-6, and Vitamin D Levels and COVID-19 Severity and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Relationship of vitamin D to pathogenesis and outcomes of hidradenitis suppurativa: a systematic review.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Pooled it
- Prognostic Factors of COVID-19: An Umbrella Review Endorsed by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- Association between vitamin D deficiency and the 8-year risk of incident depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association of Vitamin D Supplementation with Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity, Interleukine-6 (IL-6) Levels, and Anxiety and Depression Scores in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Condition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Coinfection of COVID-19 and malaria: clinical profiles, interactions, and strategies for effective control.Malaria journal · 2025Review
- Serum IL-6 and PTX3 predict severe outcome from COVID-19 in ambulatory subjects: Impact for future therapeutic decisions.PloS one · 2025Article
- Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: Exploring IL-6 Signaling and Cytokine-Microbiome Interactions as Emerging Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Cytokine Profiling as Predictors of Disease Severity and Survival in Unvaccinated COVID-19 Patients.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Plasma Proteins Associated with COVID-19 Severity in Puerto Rico.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Editorial for the Topical Collection "SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Disease".Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Clinical characteristics associated with recurrent viral RNA positivity in patients within two weeks after recovering from the first SARS-CoV-2 infection.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2024Article
- IL-6 and SAA-Strong Predictors for the Outcome in COVID-19 CKD Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Vitamin D-Binding Protein and the Role of its Gene Polymorphisms in the Mortality of Sepsis Patients.Acta medica academica · 2023Observational
- The Magic Triangle in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: Vitamin D, Vitamin D Receptor, and Malignancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone in COVID-19 patients: Translational population PK/PD modeling and simulation.Clinical and translational science · 2023Article
- Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Clinical Parameters in Men and Women Aged 50 Years or Older: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and Fatty Liver Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- TGF Beta as a Prognostic Biomarker of COVID-19 Severity in Patients with NAFLD-A Prospective Case-Control Study.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Th-1, Th-2, Th-9, Th-17, Th-22 type cytokine concentrations of critical COVID-19 patients after treatment with Remdesivir.Immunobiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAn increasing number of scientific journals have proposed a connection between tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the severity of COVID-19. Vitamin D has been discussed as a potential therapy for COVID-19 due to its immunomodulatory effects. This meta-analysis aims to determine the relationship, if any, between TNF-α, IL-6, vitamin D, and COVID-19 severity and mortality.
methodsThe design of the study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. A literature search is performed using PubMed, Cochrane, ProQuest, and Google Scholar.
resultsTNF-α insignificantly increases the risk of COVID-19 severity (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.0304; 95% CI 0.8178-1.2983;
conclusionIL-6 is an independent prognostic factor towards COVID-19 severity and mortality.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.