ArticleVaccines2022
A Multi-Center, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Clinical Trial Evaluating the Impact of BCG Re-Vaccination on the Incidence and Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infections among Symptomatic Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland-First Results.
Article in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Optimising COVID-19 episode identification using serology and PCR/rapid antigen testing: insights from the BRACE trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- The effect of BCG vaccination on infection and antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2-The results of ProBCG: a multicenter randomized clinical trial in Brazil.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Trial
- Randomized Trial of BCG Vaccine to Protect against Covid-19 in Health Care Workers.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Trial
- Review
- Determinants of Antibody Reactivity in COVID-19: A Case-Control Study in a Middle Eastern Cohort.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Beyond Tuberculosis: The Surprising Immunological Benefits of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine in Infectious, Auto-Immune, and Inflammatory Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Risk factors of severe course and fatality in children hospitalized for COVID-19: a two-center cohort study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- Efficacy and outcomes of BCG re-vaccination in COVID-19: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Review
- Late in the US pandemic, multi-dose BCG vaccines protect against COVID-19 and infectious diseases.iScience · 2024Article
- The Influence of Cross-Reactive T Cells in COVID-19.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Using BCG vaccination to protect against COVID-19: when reality fails to meet expectation.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Article
- Diverse interactions ofFrontiers in tuberculosis · 2024Review
- Interpreting the Results of Trials of BCG Vaccination for Protection Against COVID-19.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Excluding Participants With Mycobacteria Infections From Clinical Trials: A Critical Consideration in Evaluating the Efficacy of BCG Against COVID-19.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Review
- Intravenous BCG vaccination reduces SARS-CoV-2 severity and promotes extensive reprogramming of lung immune cells.iScience · 2023Article
- Article
- The role of trained immunity in COVID-19: Lessons for the next pandemic.Cell host & microbe · 2023Review
- Trained Immunity, BCG and SARS-CoV-2 General Outline and Possible Management in COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Efficacy of BCG Vaccination against COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tuberculosis vaccines (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, BCG) were introduced 100 years ago and are still recommended by the World Health Organization to prevent the disease. Studies have shown that BCG vaccination can stimulate non-specific immune responses and reduce the incidence of certain diseases. At the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it was hypothesised that the incidence of COVID-19 was lower in countries with BCG prevention. In an attempt to verify this thesis, we conducted a multicenter, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on a group of 695 health care workers aged 25 years and over in Poland. All participants in the study had a tuberculin test, after which those who were negative were randomised (1:1) and received either the BCG- or placebo vaccine. From then on, these people were subjected to three months of observation for the occurrence of COVID-19 symptoms. The statistical analysis did not reveal any significant correlation between the frequency of incidents suspected of COVID-19 and BCG-10 vaccination, the result of the tuberculin test and the number of scars. The only statistically significant feature was the type of medical profession-nurses became infected more often than doctors or other medical workers (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.