ReviewVaccines2022
Death after the Administration of COVID-19 Vaccines Approved by EMA: Has a Causal Relationship Been Demonstrated?
Review in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Updated profiling of COVID-19 vaccine adverse events using VAERS case reports.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Chick early amniotic fluid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Unique Features and Collateral Immune Effects of mRNA-LNP COVID-19 Vaccines: Plausible Mechanisms of Adverse Events and Complications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Why did people refuse vaccination during the pandemic? Exploring the impacts of trust and vaccine risk perception on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- COVID-19 mortality paradox (United StatesWorld journal of experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Deciphering deaths associated with severe serious adverse events following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: A retrospective cohort study.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Lessons Learnt from Case Series of Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest and Unexpected Death after COVID-19 Vaccination.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- GPR84 regulates pulmonary inflammation by modulating neutrophil functions.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2023Article
- Can COVID-19 Vaccines Induce Premature Non-Communicable Diseases: Where Are We Heading to?Vaccines · 2023Review
- Article
- A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Self-Medication Patterns during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ecuador.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Arrhythmias after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with a Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device: A Multicenter Study.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Influence of SARS-COV-2 Infection on Cytokine Production by Mitogen-Stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Neutrophils in COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit Patients.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Clinical cardiovascular emergencies and the cellular basis of COVID-19 vaccination: from dream to reality?International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Review
- Before blaming a COVID vaccine for cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum all other differentials must be ruled out.Neuroradiology · 2022Article
- Article
- No-Fault Compensation and Anti-COVID-19 Compulsory Vaccination: The Italian Context in a Broad View.Vaccines · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A Narrative Review.British journal of biomedical science · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
More than eight billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered globally so far and 44.29% of people are fully vaccinated. Pre-authorization clinical trials were carried out and the safety of vaccines is still continuously monitored through post-commercialization surveillance. However, some people are afraid of vaccine side effects, claiming they could lead to death, and hesitate to get vaccinated. Herein, a literature review of COVID-19-vaccine-related deaths has been carried out according to the PRISMA standards to understand if there is a causal relationship between vaccination and death and to highlight the real extent of such events. There have been 55 cases of death after COVID-19 vaccination reported and a causal relationship has been excluded in 17 cases. In the remaining cases, the causal link between the vaccine and the death was not specified (8) or considered possible (15), probable (1), or very probable/demonstrated (14). The causes of deaths among these cases were: vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) (32), myocarditis (3), ADEM (1), myocardial infarction (1), and rhabdomyolysis (1). In such cases, the demonstration of a causal relationship is not obvious, and more studies, especially with post-mortem investigations, are needed to deepen understanding of the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of fatal vaccine side effects. In any event, given the scarcity of fatal cases, the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks and the scientific community needs to be cohesive in asserting that vaccination is fundamental to containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.