ArticlePharmaceutics2022
Physicochemical Characterization and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Propofol Micelles with Low-Lipid and Low-Free Propofol.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel Propofol Analogs: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Dihydrobenzofuran Derivatives as General Anesthetics.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mirtazapine loaded polymeric micelles for rapid release tablet: A novel formulation-In vitro and in vivo studies.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- Nanotherapeutics for Alleviating Anesthesia-Associated Complications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Novel Approaches for Overcoming Biological Barriers.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We developed safe and stable mixed polymeric micelles with low lipids and free propofol for intravenous administration, to overcome the biological barrier of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), reduce pain upon injection, and complications of marketed propofol formulation. The propofol-mixed micelles were composed of distearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol 2000) (DSPE mPEG2k) and Solutol HS 15 and were optimized using Box Behnken design (BBD). The optimized formulation was evaluated for globule size, zeta potential, loading content, encapsulation efficiency, pain on injection, histological evaluation, hemolysis test, in vivo anesthetic action, and pharmacokinetics, in comparison to the commercialized emulsion Diprivan. The optimized micelle formulation displayed homogenous particle sizes, and the free drug concentration in the micelles was 60.9% lower than that of Diprivan. The paw-lick study demonstrated that propofol-mixed micelles significantly reduced pain symptoms. The anesthetic action of the mixed micelles were similar with the Diprivan. Therefore, we conclude that the novel propofol-mixed micelle reduces injection-site pain and the risk of hyperlipidemia due to the low content of free propofol and low-lipid constituent. It may be a more promising clinical alternative for anesthetic.
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Registered trials
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