ArticlePharmaceutics2022
Angled Insertion of Microneedles for Targeted Antigen Delivery to the Epidermis.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Solid microneedle booster as an enhanced microneedling platform for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Celecoxib-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Combined with Dissolving Microneedles for Targeted Sustained-Release Therapy in Osteoarthritis.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Rethinking asthma therapy, part 2: transdermal strategies for adjunct asthma and allergy treatments.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2026Review
- Multi-Layered Microneedles Loaded with Microspheres.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- Advancing immunotherapy using biomaterials to control tissue, cellular, and molecular level immune signaling in skin.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2024Review
- Soft Injectable Sutures for Dose-Controlled and Continuous Drug Delivery.Macromolecular bioscience · 2024Article
- Exploiting Unique Features of Microneedles to Modulate Immunity.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Peanut and tree nut allergies account for most food-induced anaphylactic events. The standard allergy immunotherapy approach involves subcutaneous injection, which is challenging because severe adverse reactions can occur when antigens spread systemically. Allergen localization within the epidermis (i.e., the upper 20-100 µm of skin) should significantly reduce systemic uptake, because the epidermis is avascular. Microneedle (MN) patches provide a convenient method for drug delivery to the skin, but they generally target both epidermis and dermis, leading to systemic delivery. In this study, we adapted MN technology for epidermal localization by performing angled insertion of 250 µm-long MNs that limits MN insertion depth mostly to the epidermis. We designed a biplanar insertion device to aid the repeatability of angled insertions into porcine skin ex vivo at specified angles (90°, 45°, and 20°). When compared to 90° insertions, MN application at 20° decreased mean insertion depth from 265 ± 45 µm to 97 ± 15 µm. Image analysis of histological skin sections revealed that acute-angle insertion increased epidermal localization of delivery for antigen-coated MNs from 25% ± 13% to 70% ± 21%. We conclude that angled insertion of MNs can target antigen delivery to epidermis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.