Observational studyPloS one2022
Hydrogen-producing small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is associated with hepatic encephalopathy and liver function.
Observational study in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiotic therapy for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a systematic review of comparative efficacy, clinical-test discordance, and pediatric evidence gaps.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Microbiota in Cirrhosis: A Change Towards a More Pathogenic Predisposition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Treatment of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) in Gastrointestinal, Hepatic, Endocrine, Neurological, and Postoperative Diseases: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Potential subtype-specific alterations in gut microbiota and branched-chain amino acid metabolism in hydrogen- and methane-predominant small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth with portal hypertension in HCV-related cirrhosis: a cross-sectional study.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Gut microbiome alterations and hepatic encephalopathy post-TIPS in liver cirrhosis patients.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Patients With Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis: Frequency and Predictors.Cureus · 2025Article
- Small Intestinal Bacterial and Fungal Overgrowth: Health Implications and Management Perspectives.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth Is a Predictor of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The Molecular Biological Mechanism of Hydrogen Therapy and Its Application in Spinal Cord Injury.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Review
- Gut Microbiota and Antibiotic Treatments for the Main Non-Oncologic Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Disorders.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Add-on Therapeutic Effects of Rifaximin on Treatment-resistant Hepatic Encephalopathy.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- Hepatic encephalopathy.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is one of the complications of liver cirrhosis (LC), which negatively affects the prognosis and quality of life of patients. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is significantly associated with LC and its complications, including HE. We investigated the relationship between SIBO and LC, and the difference between hydrogen-producing and methane-producing SIBO (H-SIBO and M-SIBO, respectively). This is a prospective cohort study of 107 cases. Breath measurements of hydrogen and methane concentrations were performed for the diagnosis of SIBO. The study cohort included 81 males with a median age of 70 (40-86) years, and SIBO was detected in 31 cases (29.0%). There were no significant differences between the SIBO positive and SIBO negative groups. Reclassification into H-SIBO (16 cases) and others (91 cases) was performed, and the Child-Pugh score was only derived in the multivariate logistic analysis (P = 0.028, odds ratio 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.85). Furthermore, H-SIBO was significantly associated with covert HE in chi-square test (50.0% vs. 24.2%, P = 0.034). In addition, we evaluated the therapeutic response on SIBO of rifaximin in eight covert HE patients. 20% patients with M-SIBO and 67% patients with H-SIBO showed an improvement of the breath test. In conclusion, H-SIBO, but not M-SIBO, is significantly associated with liver function, and rifaximin might be more effective for covert HE with H-SIBO. Therefore, the diagnosis of SIBO, including the classification as H-SIBO and M-SIBO, might help to determine the choice of treatment for HE.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.