ArticlePloS one2022
Age-related sex differences in the outcomes of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mavacamten and atrial fibrillation: assessing the risk through FAERS and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
- Mavacamten in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: National Insights on Access and Safety Profile From Real-World Data.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Observational
- Phenotypic, Epidemiologic, and Imaging Features of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Single-Center Experience.Anatolian journal of cardiology · 2026Article
- Association between cardiac dysfunction and late gadolinium enhancement confined to the LV intramural region in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Natural History of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Age and Sex Differences in the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Multi-Centre Cohort Study.Vascular health and risk management · 2025Observational
- Mildly Reduced Renal Function Is Associated With Increased Heart Failure Admissions in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.Journal of Korean medical science · 2024Article
- Effect of Mavacamten in Women Compared With Men With Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Insights From EXPLORER-HCM.Circulation · 2024Article
- Genotype-Phenotype Taxonomy of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine · 2023Article
- Prognostic and Safety Implications of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Real-World Observation Over 2,000 Patients.Korean circulation journal · 2023Article
- Inequities in Treatments and Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in the United States.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of sex differences in clinical outcomes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Major Clinical Issues in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.Korean circulation journal · 2022Review
- Sex-related differences in left ventricular remodeling and outcome after alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.Biology of sex differences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed to clarify the sex differences in various cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular outcomes, and to investigate whether sex differences in outcomes are affected by age in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).
methodsA cohort of 835 patients with HCM initially evaluated during 2007-2019 were followed for a median of 6.4 years. Study outcomes were all-cause death, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular death, sudden cardiac death (SCD)/SCD equivalent events, heart failure (HF) events, and the composite cardiovascular outcome including cardiovascular death, SCD/SCD equivalent events, admission for HF, and heart transplantation.
resultsWomen were 5 years older (women 59.9±13.5 vs. men 54.9±11.4 years), had worse dyspnea, and greater left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction and obstructive physiology at presentation. Women compared to men had higher all-cause mortality and cardiovascular event rates, driven by more cardiovascular deaths and heart failure (HF) events. Conversely, non-cardiovascular mortality was not different between the sexes. Female sex was independently associated with all-cause death (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.11-3.20) and composite cardiovascular events (HR 3.60, 95% CI 2.00-6.49), independent of age, body mass index, New York Heart Association class, SCD risk score, and LV ejection fraction. When stratified by the age of 60, sex differences were not significant at <60 years; however, at ≥60 years, women had worse LV diastolic function, greater obstructive physiology, as well as worse survival and composite cardiovascular outcomes. Sex differences in outcomes remained consistent after propensity score matching for age and other clinical characteristics.
conclusionsWomen with HCM have worse cardiovascular prognosis than men, driven by higher cardiovascular mortality and HF events. The negative impact of female sex on cardiac function and cardiovascular outcome became prominent at age ≥60 years, suggesting age-related sex differences in the prognosis of HCM.
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