Trial reportPloS one2022
Assessing progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.8.2 and determinants of catastrophic health expenditures in Malaysia.
Trial report in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Catastrophic health expenditure and associated factors in low-, lower-middle and upper-middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis.Global health action · 2026Pooled it
- Understanding variation in catastrophic health expenditure from socio-ecological aspect: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- The household economic burden of human-only and zoonotic malaria, compared to other causes of acute febrile illness in Indonesia.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Intensity of Catastrophic Health Expenditure Among Residents in a Multiethnic Province in China: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Article
- Global situation of oral health coverage toward universal health coverage: A scoping review.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Review
- Machine learning based classification of catastrophic health expenditures: a cross-sectional study of Korean low-income households.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- The economic toll of cancer: catastrophic expenditure and impoverishment among lower-income households in Malaysia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Equitable Healthcare Access for Type 2 Diabetes Patients Under a Low-Income Group Health Care Scheme: A Sustainable Development Goal Perspective.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Replenish Revenue by Low-Cost Medicines, an Institution-Specific Action to Improve Access to High-Cost Medicines Used for Chronic Illness in Ethiopia: Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Household costs associated with zoonotic Plasmodium knowlesi, P. falciparum, P. vivax and P. malariae infections in Sabah, Malaysia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- The out-of-pocket cost of breast cancer care in Nigeria: A prospective analysis.Journal of cancer policy · 2024Article
- Assessing catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment in adult asthma care: a cross-sectional study of patients attending six public health clinics in Klang District, Malaysia.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Perspectives and evaluation on the effect of financial burden relief of medical insurance for people with catastrophic diseases and its influencing factors.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- The evolution of healthcare digitalisation policies in Malaysia: A four-decade narrative review (1985-2025).Digital healthReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goal 3.8.2 is an indicator to track a country's progress toward universal health coverage on the financial protection against catastrophic health expenditure (CHE). The purpose of this study is to determine the proportion of households with catastrophic health expenditure, and its associated factors among Malaysian households. A secondary data analysis was performed using the Household Expenditure Survey 2015/2016. The inclusion criterion was Malaysian households with some health spending in the past 12 months before the date of the survey. Catastrophic health expenditure was defined as out-of-pocket health expenditures exceeding 10% of the total household consumption. The study included a total of 13015 households. The proportion of households with CHE in the sample was 2.8%. Female-led households (AdjOR 1.6; CI 1.25, 2.03; p-value <0.001), households in rural areas (AdjOR 1.29; 95% CI 1.04, 1.61; p-value = 0.022), small household size (AdjOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.81, 3.18; p-value <0.001) and heads of household under 60 years old (AdjOR2.34; 95% CI 1.81, 3.18; p-value <0.001) were significantly associated with CHE. Although the proportion of Malaysian households affected by CHE is small, it is increasing in comparison to previous findings. This is concerning because it may jeopardise efforts to achieve universal health coverage by 2030. To ensure financial protection and access to care, a health financing policy that includes safety net measures for households at risk of CHE is required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.