ArticlePloS one2022
Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis and their associated risk factors among pregnant women from northern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women: a systematic review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- Longitudinal Clinical and Microscopic Findings After Dequalinium Chloride Treatment in Vulvovaginal Infections: A Retrospective Real-World Study from Mexican Gynecological Practice.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and associated factors of bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis among women suspected of STIs in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Bacterial vaginosis, vaginal Candida colonization and antifungal susceptibility patterns in pregnant women of eastern Ethiopia: a prospective study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of substance use and vaginal infection with UTI in adolescent pregnant patients: a retrospective study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Impact of Glycemic Variability on Vaginal Flora Alterations and Concomitant Antimicrobial Resistance During Pregnancy: Implications for Fetomaternal Outcomes.Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India · 2025Article
- Complexity of antibiotic resistance and its impact on gut microbiota dynamics.Engineering microbiology · 2025Review
- Gender and Education Influences on Dietary Supplement Awareness in Poland: A Nationally Representative Survey.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Article
- A Critical Review of the Prospect of Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Prognosis.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Factors associated with Nugent-bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy and postpartum among women in rural northwestern Bangladesh.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Mixed Vaginal Infections and Their Predictors Among Women With Abnormal Vaginal Discharges Attending Gynecological Clinics in Western Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Review
- Aerobic vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, and vaginal candidiasis among women of reproductive age in Arba Minch, southern Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, sexually transmitted infections and their association with HPV infections in asymptomatic women attending antenatal care in Ethiopia.Ecancermedicalscience · 2024Article
- Infectious vaginitis among women seeking reproductive health services at a sexual and reproductive health facility in Kampala, Uganda.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Species-Specific Analysis of Bacterial Vaginosis-Associated Bacteria.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- A study on vaginitis among pregnant and non-pregnant females in Alexandria, Egypt: An unexpected high rate of mixed vaginal infection.AIMS microbiology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and aerobic vaginitis (AV) and their associated risk factors among pregnant women from Ethiopia. Also, this study investigated the bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic resistance in AV cases. A total of 422 pregnant women from northern Ethiopia were participated in this study. Socio-demographic and clinical data were recorded. Vaginal swabs were collected and used for wet mount and Gram stain methods to evaluate the AV and BV scores according to the Nugent's and Donder's criteria, respectively. In AV cases the bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic resistance were determined using standard methods. The possible risk factors for AV and BV in pregnant women were investigated. The prevalence rates of BV and AV were 20.1% (85/422) and 8.1% (34/422), respectively. BV was more common in symptomatic vs. asymptomatic people (P < 0.001), and in second trimester vs. first trimester samples (P = 0.042). However, AV was more common in secondary school vs. primary and those who were unable to read and write (P = 0.021) and in housewife women vs. employee (P = 0.013). A total of 44 bacterial strains were isolated from AV cases, of which the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (38.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus (29.5%) were the most predominant bacteria, respectively. The highest resistance rate was observed against penicillin (100.0%) in staphylococci, while 86.7% of them were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. The resistance rate of Enterobacteriaceae ranged from 0.0% for ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol to 100.0% against amoxicillin/clavulanate. The prevalence of BV was higher than AV in pregnant women. This higher prevalence of BV suggests that measures should be taken to reduce the undesired consequences related to BV in the pregnancy. The circulation of drug-resistant bacteria in vaginal infections requires a global surveillance to reduce the risks to pregnant mothers and infants.
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