ArticlePain medicine (Malden, Mass.)2022
Higher Neck Pain Intensity and the Presence of Psychosocial Factors Are More Likely When Headache is Present after a Whiplash Injury: A Case-Control Study.
Article in Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multimodal Active Physiotherapy Versus Multimodal Passive Physiotherapy for Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Dual Outcomes of Physical and Mental Health.Pain research & management · 2025Trial
- Cognitive-behavioural treatment for neck pain.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Article
- Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Modulates Inflammatory Factors and Pain Mediators in Cervical Disc Herniation With Neurogenic Pain.Orthopaedic surgery · 2026Article
- Injuries in the cervical craniomandibular complex after whiplash phenomenon.European journal of medical research · 2025Observational
- Differences in physical examination findings between those who present with or without headache soon after a whiplash injury: a cross-sectional study.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · 2024Article
- Patient-reported outcome measures in physical therapy practice for neck pain: an overview of reviews.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSeveral factors such as neck pain intensity, disability, anxiety, depression, female sex, or a previous history of headache are associated with post-whiplash headache. However, the possible role of psychosocial factors contributing to the presence of headache or worsening of headache after a whiplash trauma remains unclear. To address this gap in knowledge, there is the need to assess psychosocial factors concerning headache shortly after a whiplash injury.
objectiveTo evaluate psychological features, pain and disability in people with acute whiplash associated disorders (WAD) and compare these features between those with and without headache.
designCase-control study.
settingA secondary care traumatology center.
methodsForty-seven people with acute WAD were recruited; 28 with headache, and 19 without. All participants completed self-reported questionnaires including Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for neck pain intensity, the Neck Disability Index (NDI), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia-11 (TSK-11), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
resultsNeck pain intensity (P < .001), neck disability (P < 0.001), pain catastrophizing (P < .001), kinesiophobia (P < .001), and anxiety state (P = .007) and trait (P = .05) were higher in those with headache when compared to those without. In addition, high levels of neck pain (P = .025), moderate levels of neck disability (P < .001), moderate levels of pain catastrophizing (P = .015), and moderate (P = .002) and severe (P = .016) levels of kinesiophobia were related to the presence of headache.
conclusionsThe level of neck pain intensity and disability, kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, and anxiety were all greater in people with acute WAD who presented with a headache compared to those without headache.
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