ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2022
Prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment before incarceration.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and Risk of Dementia Among Adults Who Have Experienced Homelessness, a Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring Social Determinants of Cognitive Functioning: History of Criminal Legal System Involvement and Processing Speed among Older Black Americans.Sociological focus · 2026Article
- A modified Sequential Intercept Model for people living with dementia to prevent interactions with the criminal legal system.The Gerontologist · 2026Article
- The care experience of people with diagnosed or suspected dementia living in prison: A case study approach.Dementia (London, England) · 2026Article
- Linkages between incarceration and health for older adults.Health & justice · 2025Review
- Risk of Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Soon After Leaving Incarceration Among a US Veteran Population.Neurology · 2025Article
- The Impact of Prior Incarceration on Cognitive Trajectories Among Older Adults: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Neurodegenerative Disorders in Criminal Offending and Cognitive Decline Among Aging Inmates.NeuroSci · 2025Review
- Prior Incarceration and Performance on Immediate and Delayed Verbal Recall Tests: Results From National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health-Parent Study.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Scoping review of military veterans involved in the criminal legal system and their health and healthcare: 5-year update and map to the Veterans-Sequential Intercept Model.Health & justice · 2024Article
- Mass incarceration and cognitive impairment in older adults: Setting a research agenda.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2023Article
- Article
- Examining the propensity and nature of criminal risk behaviours in frontotemporal dementia syndromes and Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAccumulating evidence indicates that behaviors in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias could result in incarceration. Yet, the proportion of persons diagnosed with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) before they were incarcerated is largely unknown. By leveraging a national sample of mid- to late-life adults who were incarcerated, we determined the prevalence of dementia and MCI before their incarceration.
methodsIn this current study, participants were Medicare-eligible U.S. veterans who transitioned from incarceration to the community in mid- to late-life from October 1, 2012, to September 30, 2018, after having been incarcerated for ≤10 consecutive years (N = 17,962). Medical claims data were used to determine clinical diagnoses of dementia and MCI up to three years before incarceration. Demographics, comorbidities, and duration of incarceration among those with dementia and MCI were compared to those with neither diagnosis.
resultsParticipants were >97% male, 65% non-Hispanic white, 30% non-Hispanic black, and 3.3% had a diagnosis of either dementia (2.5%) or MCI (0.8%) before their most recent incarceration. Individuals with MCI or dementia diagnoses were older, were more likely to be non-Hispanic white, had more medical and psychiatric comorbidities, and experienced homelessness and traumatic brain injury at higher rates than those with neither diagnosis. Average duration of incarceration was significantly shorter among those with MCI (201.8 [±248.0] days) or dementia (312.8 [±548.3] days), as compared to those with neither diagnosis (497.0 [±692.7] days) (p < 0.001).
conclusionsThese findings raise awareness of the proportion of incarcerated persons in the United States who have a diagnosis of MCI or dementia before they are incarcerated. Improved understanding of pathways linking cognitive impairment to incarceration in mid- to late-life are needed to inform appropriateness of incarceration, optimization of health care, and prevention of interpersonal harm in this medically vulnerable population.
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Registered trials
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