ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2021
Infectious Bronchitis Virus Infection Increases Pathogenicity of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus by Inducing Severe Inflammatory Response.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- The multifaceted interactions between Newcastle disease virus proteins and host proteins: a systematic review.Virulence · 2024Pooled it
- Quadruplex real-time RT-qPCR for simultaneous detection and subtyping of avian influenza viruses and avian coronaviruses.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Pathogen identification and analysis of broiler bronchial obstruction syndrome using high-throughput sequencing technology.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Genetic and Pathogenicity Studies of Avian Influenza (H9N2) Virus Isolated from Chickens in Jiangsu Province, China, in 2025.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Development and evaluation of a recombinant bivalent HVT-vectored vaccine candidate against H9N2 avian influenza virus and fowl adenovirus serotype 4.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Development and Evaluation of Quadruplex Droplet Digital PCR Method to Multiplex Detection of Different Respiratory Pathogens of Chickens.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Coinfection with infectious bronchitis virus exacerbates the pathogenicity ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Case Report: Detection and characterization of avian influenza virus H9N2 in a broiler farm in Mozambique, 2025.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Aerosol transmission of infectious diseases in poultry: microbiology, pathogenesis, and control measures.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- From infection to tumor: genetic evidence of viral antibody immune response' role in urologic cancer development.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Isolation, molecular identification, and phylogenetic analysis of infectious bronchitis virus from commercial chicken farms in Mekele and Bishoftu, Ethiopia, 2023-2024.Virology journal · 2025Article
- LysoPE mediated by respiratory microorganism Aeromicrobium camelliae alleviates H9N2 challenge in mice.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- Establishment of a Real-Time Fluorescence Isothermal Recombinase-Aided Amplification Method for the Detection of H9 Avian Influenza Virus.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Epidemiological distribution of respiratory viral pathogens in marketable vaccinated broiler chickens in five governorates in the Nile Delta, Egypt, from January 2022 to October 2022.Veterinary world · 2024Article
- Characterization of the emerging recombinant infectious bronchitis virus in China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- QX-type infectious bronchitis virus infection in roosters can seriously injure the reproductive system and cause sex hormone secretion disorder.Virulence · 2023Article
- First Report of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H9N2 in African Houbara Bustards (Viruses · 2023Article
- Predominance of low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2 in the respiratory co-infections in broilers in Tunisia: a longitudinal field study, 2018-2020.Veterinary research · 2023Article
- Circular RNAs are associated with the resistance to Newcastle disease virus infection in duck cells.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- RETRACTED: Glycine Nano-Selenium Enhances Immunoglobulin and Cytokine Production in Mice Immunized with H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Vaccine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) are frequently identified in chickens with respiratory disease. However, the role and mechanism of IBV and H9N2 AIV co-infection remain largely unknown. Specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were inoculated with IBV 2 days before H9N2 virus inoculation (IBV/H9N2); with IBV and H9N2 virus simultaneously (IBV+H9N2); with H9N2 virus 2 days before IBV inoculation (H9N2/IBV); or with either IBV or H9N2 virus alone. Severe respiratory signs, pathological damage, and higher morbidity and mortality were observed in the co-infection groups compared with the IBV and H9N2 groups. In general, a higher virus load and a more intense inflammatory response were observed in the three co-infection groups, especially in the IBV/H9N2 group. The same results were observed in the transcriptome analysis of the trachea of the SPF chickens. Therefore, IBV might play a major role in the development of respiratory disease in chickens, and secondary infection with H9N2 virus further enhances the pathogenicity by inducing a severe inflammatory response. These findings may provide a reference for the prevention and control of IBV and H9N2 AIV in the poultry industry and provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of IBV and H9N2 AIV co-infection in chickens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.