ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Chloroquine Suppresses Effector B-Cell Functions and Has Differential Impact on Regulatory B-Cell Subsets.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunosuppression by hydroxychloroquine: mechanistic proof in in vitro experiments but limited systemic activity in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical pharmacology study.Immunologic research · 2023Trial
- Revealing the role of regulatory b cells in cancer: development, function and treatment significance.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Review
- Effector and regulatory B-cell imbalance in systemic sclerosis: cooperation or competition?Clinical rheumatology · 2024Review
- Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Chloroquine on Red Blood Cells Metabolism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Autoimmunity and Carcinogenesis: Their Relationship under the Umbrella of Autophagy.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Farnesyltransferase-inhibitors exertFrontiers in transplantation · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: Chloroquine (CQ) is approved for treatment of B-cell mediated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. However, the exact mode of action in these diseases has not been studied and it remains unclear which effect CQ has on B-cells. Thus, it was the aim of this study to investigate to which extent CQ affects functionality of effector and regulatory B-cell. Methods: For this purpose, B-cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy controls and renal transplant patients. B-cells were stimulated in presence or absence of CQ and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Granzyme B (GrB) secretion were assessed. In addition, effector functions such as plasma cell formation, and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) secretion were studied. Results: CQ suppressed Toll-Like-Receptor (TLR)-9 induced B-cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. IL-10 Conclusion: In conclusion, CQ had a suppressive effect on IL-10 regulatory B-cells whereas GrB secreting regulatory B-cells were less affected. Effector functions of B-cells such as plasma blast formation and IgG secretion were also inhibited by CQ. Effector B-cells derived from renal transplant patients already under immunosuppression could be suppressed by CQ. These findings may partly explain the clinical efficacy of CQ in B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases. The application of CQ in other disease contexts where suppression of effector B-cells could offer a benefit, such as renal transplantation, may hypothetically be advantageous.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.