ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2022
Multifaceted Amblyopia Screening with blinq, 2WIN, and PDI Check.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04606355 (Autostereoscopic Dynamic Near Vision Testing of Acuity, Stereo and Color on PDI Check), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Autostereoscopic Dynamic Near Vision Testing of Acuity, Stereo and Color on PDI Check
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Agreement and repeatability of scotopic pupil size measurement with the 2WIN-S portable refractor in Chinese adults.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- Validation of the Affordable, Portable International Visionkeys System for Visual Acuity and Stereopsis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Comparative Validation of PlusoptiX and AI-Optic Photoscreeners in Children with High Amblyopia Risk Factor Prevalence.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNovel devices target different facets of amblyopia risk factors (ARFs). Through birefringence, the Rebion blinq assesses binocular foveation. The Adaptica 2WIN is a multiradial infrared photorefractor that also estimates ocular alignment. PDI Check is a forced-choice, dynamic near-vision game for the autostereoscopic Nintendo 3DS.
methodsNew and returning patients to a pediatric ophthalmology clinic had concomitant confirmatory exams after all three vision screens had been validated with ROC curves, Bland-Altman plots, and Alaska Blind Child Discovery ellipsoid grades. Exam outcomes were classified by ARF visual acuity, strabismus, binocularity, and refractive errors following the 2021 AAPOS guidelines and Bosque-Hunter rubric for the blinq.
resultsA total of 202 ethnically diverse students aged 10±4 (4-19) years, 33% treatment-naïve, had a high (58%) prevalence of ARFs. Linear logMAR visual acuity, intereye differences, stereo and three-cone color correlated well between PDI Check and exams. Mean score on the 2WIN matched sphero-cylinder exam with ellipsoid scoring was 2.1±1.5. For AAPOS 2021 refractive plus strabismus, sensitivity/specificity for PDI Check was 68%/59%, 2WIN 72%/95%, and blinq 87%/32%. For the amblyopia or strabismus rubric, PDI Check was 79%/68%, 2WIN 56%/65%, and blinq 94%/37%.
conclusionEach device had advantages and disadvantages in screening this cohort of older, high-prevalence students, many of whom had already been treated. Validation methods should cover more than just refraction, as the new 2021 AAPOS guidelines do.
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Registered trials
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