Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35210712›Full record

ArticleDevelopment and psychopathology2021

Longitudinal network model of the co-development of temperament, executive functioning, and psychopathology symptoms in youth with and without ADHD.

Sarah L Karalunas, Dylan Antovich, Patrick K Goh, Michelle M Martel, Jessica Tipsord, Elizabeth K Nousen, Joel T Nigg

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Development and psychopathology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Exploring Transdiagnostic Mechanisms of Youth Externalizing Psychopathology: A Longitudinal Person-Centered Approach.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. The Evolving ADHD Phenotype in the Externalizing Context.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Infant attention and frontal EEG neuromarkers of childhood ADHD.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Momentary Dynamics Implicate Emotional Features in the ADHD Phenotype.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sarah L KaralunasPsychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.ORCID 0000-0003-3082-7458
Dylan AntovichPsychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
Patrick K GohPsychology, University of Kentucky.
Michelle M MartelPsychology, University of Kentucky.
Jessica TipsordPsychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
Elizabeth K NousenPsychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
Joel T NiggPsychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.

Funding

ADHD heterogeneity, mechanisms, and risk profileR37MH059105 · NIMH · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI NIGG, JOEL T · 2014 to 2023
$7.0M
Estrogen Effects on ADHD and CognitionR01MH119119 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI MARTEL, MICHELLE M · 2019 to 2023
$3.1M
Biobehavioral validation of the ADHD emotion dysregulation phenotypeR01MH120109 · NIMH · PURDUE UNIVERSITY · PI KARALUNAS, SARAH LYN · 2020 to 2025
$2.9M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH119119NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH120109NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH059105
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common, chronic, and impairing disorder, yet presentations of ADHD and clinical course are highly heterogeneous. Despite substantial research efforts, both (a) the secondary co-occurrence of ADHD and complicating additional clinical problems and (b) the developmental pathways leading toward or away from recovery through adolescence remain poorly understood. Resolving these requires accounting for transactional influences of a large number of features across development. Here, we applied a longitudinal cross-lagged panel network model to a multimodal, multilevel dataset in a well-characterized sample of 488 children (nADHD=296) to test Research Domain Criteria initiative-inspired hypotheses about transdiagnostic risk. Network features included DSM symptoms, trait-based ratings of emotional functioning (temperament), and performance-based measures of cognition. Results confirmed that ADHD symptom domains, temperamental Irritability, and Working Memory are independent transdiagnostic risk factors for psychopathology based on their direct associations with other features across time. ADHD symptoms and working memory each had direct, independent associations with depression. Results also demonstrated tightly linked co-development of ADHD symptoms and temperamental Irritability, consistent with the possibility that this type of anger dysregulation is a core feature that is co-expressed as part of the ADHD phenotype for some children.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityTemperamentAdolescentExecutive FunctionHumansIrritable MoodPsychopathologyADHDexecutive functioninglongitudinal networkRDoCtemperamenttransdiagnostic risk

Identifiers

PMID35210712
PMCPMC8863133

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.