ArticleThe European respiratory journal2022
T2-high asthma phenotypes across lifespan.
Article in The European respiratory journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nasal Epithelial Immune Signatures Are Associated With Age-Dependent Asthma Trajectories in Early Life.Allergy · 2026Observational
- Early predictors of persistent childhood asthma and allergic rhinitis: A machine learning study using post-hoc explainability.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Article
- Precision Medicine in Overlap Syndrome (COPD-Obstructive Sleep Apnea): From Phenotypes and Endotypes to Treatable Traits.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2026Review
- Increased high sensitivity C-reactive protein in more severe wheeze/asthma phenotypes in child- and adulthood in ALLIANCE.Respiratory research · 2026Observational
- Follow-up study on factors influencing the persistence of asthma in discharged children.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Rhinovirus-infected preschool children with problematic wheeze have lung eosinophilic inflammation.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Breaking the bottleneck of asthma treatment: the future of omni-targeted therapy.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Bridging Rare to Common Diseases: Precision Medicine and the Transforming Landscape of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Review
- Early Risk Assessment and Recognition of Allergies in Children: Rationale, Methodology, and Proposed Algorithms.Allergy · 2026Review
- Evidence-based guideline for clinical practice in the diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of recurrent wheezing in infants and toddlers in China.Pediatric investigation · 2026Article
- Maternal smoking and CC-16: implications for lung development and COPD across the lifespan.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Article
- Beyond the Usual Suspects: Unmasking Low-T2 Asthma in Children.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- The central role of IL-6 in the differential effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists and metformin across multiple health conditions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune Training of the Interleukin 6 Gene in Airway Epithelial Cells is Central to Asthma Exacerbations.Allergy · 2026Article
- Chronic respiratory morbidity and wheeze after preterm birth: a narrative review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Predictive Factors And Treatments Associated with Clinical Remission in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- A Clinical Nomogram for Predicting Early Response to Biologics in Pediatric Allergic Asthma with Comorbid Allergic Rhinitis.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2026Article
- Clinical Remission in Severe Asthma: A Comparative Analysis of Patients with and Without Biologics from the Swiss Severe Asthma Registry.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- The role of the early-life gut microbiome in childhood asthma.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Exposure to Violence and Asthma Endotypes in Puerto Rican Youth.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
73 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleIn adults, personalised asthma treatment targets patients with type 2 (T2)-high and eosinophilic asthma phenotypes. It is unclear whether such classification is achievable in children.
objectivesTo define T2-high asthma with easily accessible biomarkers and compare resulting phenotypes across all ages.
methodsIn the multicentre clinical All Age Asthma Cohort (ALLIANCE), 1125 participants (n=776 asthmatics, n=349 controls) were recruited and followed for 2 years (1 year in adults). Extensive clinical characterisation (questionnaires, blood differential count, allergy testing, lung function and sputum induction (in adults)) was performed at baseline and follow-ups. Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 were measured after stimulation of whole blood with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or anti-CD3/CD28. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsBased on blood eosinophil counts and allergen-specific serum IgE antibodies, patients were categorised into four mutually exclusive phenotypes: "atopy-only", "eosinophils-only", "T2-high" (eosinophilia + atopy) and "T2-low" (neither eosinophilia nor atopy). The T2-high phenotype was found across all ages, even in very young children in whom it persisted to a large degree even after 2 years of follow-up. T2-high asthma in adults was associated with childhood onset, suggesting early origins of this asthma phenotype. In both children and adults, the T2-high phenotype was characterised by excessive production of specific IgE to allergens (p<0.0001) and, from school age onwards, by increased production of IL-5 after anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation of whole blood.
conclusionsUsing easily accessible biomarkers, patients with T2-high asthma can be identified across all ages delineating a distinct phenotype. These patients may benefit from therapy with biologicals even at a younger age.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.