ArticleEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2022
Diphtheria in the WHO European Region, 2010 to 2019.
Article in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Parental vaccine refusal, non-vaccinated children, and outbreaks of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPDs) in Europe: a systematic review of aetiology and risk.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Epidemiology and Trends ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- CLINICO-Demographic Profile and Outcomes of Hospitalised Children With Diphtheria in A Tertiary Care Hospital of Peshawar.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Diphtheria Antitoxin Production and Procurement Practices and Challenges.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Respiratory Diphtheria in a 16-Year-Old Who Developed Multiple Life-Threatening Complications.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2025Article
- Global burden of diphtheria, 1990-2021: a 204-country analysis of socioeconomic inequality based on SDI and DTP3 vaccination differences before and after the COVID-19 pandemic (GBD 2021).Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Infection by a multidrug-resistant Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain: prediction of virulence factors, CRISPR-Cas system analysis, and structural implications of mutations conferring rifampin resistance.Functional & integrative genomics · 2024Article
- Balto and Togo during the cold winter of Alaska (1925): the two canine heroes in the fight against diphtheria.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Assessing the impact of booster vaccination on diphtheria transmission: Mathematical modeling and risk zone mapping.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2024Article
- Imported Toxigenic Corynebacterium Diphtheriae in Refugees with Polymicrobial Skin Infections, Germany, 2022.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Clustering of Diphtheria Cases in Refugees That Arrived in Germany in 2022.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2023Article
- Lack of seroprotection against diphtheria in the Austrian population, in light of reported diphtheria cases in Europe, 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2023Article
- Multiplexed bead-based assay for the simultaneous quantification of human serum IgG antibodies to tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, and pertactin.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
BackgroundDiphtheria is uncommon in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. Nevertheless, sporadic cases, sometimes fatal, continue to be reported.AimTo report on diphtheria cases and coverage with first and third doses of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccines (DTP1 and DTP3, respectively) for 2010-19 in the Region with a focus on 2019.MethodsData on diphtheria cases were obtained from WHO/United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) Joint Reporting Forms submitted annually by the Region's Member States. WHO/UNICEF Estimates of National Immunization Coverage for DTP1 and DTP3 were summarised for 2010-19. For 2019, we analysed data on age, and vaccination status and present data by country on DTP1 and DTP3 coverage and the percentage of districts with ≥ 90% and < 80% DTP3 coverage.ResultsFor 2010-19, 451 diphtheria cases were reported in the Region. DTP1 and DTP3 coverage was 92-96% and 95-97%, respectively. For 2019, 52 cases were reported by 11 of 48 countries that submitted reports (including zero reporting). Thirty-nine countries submitted data on percentage of their districts with ≥ 90% and < 80% DTP3 coverage; 26 had ≥ 90% districts with ≥ 90% coverage while 11 had 1-40% districts with < 80% coverage.ConclusionLong-standing high DTP3 coverage at Regional level probably explains the relatively few diphtheria cases reported in the Region. Suboptimal surveillance systems and inadequate laboratory diagnostic capacity may also be contributing factors. Still, the observed cases are of concern. Attaining high DTP3 coverage in all districts and implementing recommended booster doses are necessary to control diphtheria and prevent outbreaks.
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