ReviewMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)2022
Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Inflammatory Choriocapillaropathies (PICCPs): A Comprehensive Overview.
Review in Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Steroid-Induced Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in Uveitis: Diagnostic Challenges and Multimodal Imaging with a Primary Inflammatory Choriocapillaropathy Illustrative Case.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- From white dot syndromes to primary inflammatory choriocapillaropathies (PICCPs): updating and expanding the spectrum through multimodal imaging.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Review
- Bilateral multiple evanescent white dot syndrome documented and followed by swept-source OCT angiography: a case report.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2025Article
- Article
- Atypical Acute Ischemic Choriocapillaritis: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2024Article
- Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) in Uveitis: A Literature Review and a Reassessment of Its Real Role.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Benefits and Limitations of OCT-A in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Posterior Intraocular Inflammation in Current Clinical Practice: A Valuable Tool or a Deceiver?Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Diagnosis, Mechanisms, and Differentiation of Inflammatory Diseases of the Outer Retina: Photoreceptoritis versus Choriocapillaritis; A Multimodal Imaging Perspective.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE): A Comprehensive Approach and Case Series: Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy Is Necessary in a Large Proportion of Cases.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Mechanisms, Pathophysiology and Current Immunomodulatory/Immunosuppressive Therapy of Non-Infectious and/or Immune-Mediated Choroiditis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Opposing pathophysiological concepts in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome: The great MEWDS schism.Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological SocietyReview
- Indocyanine green angiography in uveitis.Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological SocietyReview
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePrimary inflammatory choriocapillaropathies (PICCPs) belong to a group of intraocular inflammatory diseases with the common characteristic of inflammatory choriocapillaris hypo- or non-perfusion as the main clinicopathological mechanism. The purpose of our article is to describe clinical characteristics and multimodal imaging, that can help the diagnosis and treatment of PICCPs.
methodsNarrative review with multimodal imaging analysis.
resultsChoriocapillaris non-perfusion can affect the end-choriocappilaries, at the benign end of the PICCP spectrum (MEWDS), to larger choriocapillaris vessels or precapillary vessels at the origin of more severe forms such as acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), idiopathic multifocal choroiditis (MFC) and Serpiginous Choroiditis (SC). Diagnosis is mostly based on multimodal imaging and especially on indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)/OCT-angiography (OCT-A). ICGA shows the typical pattern of patchy lobular hypofluorescence reflecting hypo- or non-perfusion of the choriocapillaris that can also take the aspect of geographic areas in the more severe forms. Treatment depends on the severity of the disease and goes from observation in MEWDS and some mild cases of APMPPE, to oral corticosteroid and/or immunomodulator agents in the more severe conditions of APMPPE and MFC and SC cases. Close multimodal monitoring is crucial in order to introduce or adjust treatment.
conclusionPICCPs are resulting from one common clinicopathological mechanism, inflammatory choriocapillaris hypo- or non-perfusion. ICGA findings are essential for the diagnosis and follow-up of PICCPs, but non-invasive methods such as FAF and SD-OCT/OCT-A also have their role especially in follow-up of the diseases. Treatment should be individualized according to the pathology and the evolution of lesions.
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