ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2022
Patterns of Long COVID Symptoms: A Multi-Center Cross Sectional Study.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence of Impaired Neuroimmune System in Post-COVID Syndrome-A Whole Brain Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Oral microbiota and respiratory diseases: advances and perspectives.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- Health-related adverse work outcomes associated with post COVID-19 condition: a cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of COVID-19 Disease and Post COVID Syndrome: The Role of N-acetylcysteine and Acetyl-L-carnitine.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Persistence of Long COVID Symptoms Two Years After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.Viruses · 2024Article
- Neuropsychological functioning of pediatric patients with long COVID.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2024Article
- Impact of Long COVID on productivity and informal caregiving.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2024Article
- Investigating the fluctuating nature of post-COVID pain symptoms in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: the LONG-COVID-EXP multicenter study.Pain reports · 2024Article
- Cluster analysis of long COVID in Japan and association of its trajectory of symptoms and quality of life.BMJ open respiratory research · 2024Article
- Characterisation, symptom pattern and symptom clusters from a retrospective cohort of Long COVID patients in primary care in Catalonia.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Obesity and its Relationship with Covid-19: A Review of the Main Pharmaceutical Aspects.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2024Review
- Memory, Emotion, and Quality of Life in Patients with Long COVID-19.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Exercise ventilatory response after COVID-19: comparison between ambulatory and hospitalized patients.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Identification of post-COVID-19 condition phenotypes, and differences in health-related quality of life and healthcare use: a cluster analysis.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Post COVID-19 condition, work ability and occupational changes in a population-based cohort.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2023Article
- Humoral Immunity of Unvaccinated COVID-19 Recovered vs. Naïve BNT162b2 Vaccinated Individuals: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- [Neurological forms of long COVID in adults: Critical approach].Bulletin de l'Academie nationale de medecine · 2023Review
- Long COVID Symptomatology and Associated Factors in Primary Care Patients: The EPICOVID-AP21 Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLong COVID has become a burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Research into the etiology and risk factors has been impeded by observing all diverse manifestations as part of a single entity. We aimed to determine patterns of symptoms in convalescing COVID-19 patients.
methodsSymptomatic patients were recruited from four countries. Data were collected regarding demographics, comorbidities, acute disease and persistent symptoms. Factor analysis was performed to elucidate symptom patterns. Associations of the patterns with patients' characteristics, features of acute disease and effect on daily life were sought.
resultsWe included 1027 symptomatic post-COVID individuals in the analysis. The majority of participants were graded as having a non-severe acute COVID-19 (N = 763, 74.3%). We identified six patterns of symptoms: cognitive, pain-syndrome, pulmonary, cardiac, anosmia-dysgeusia and headache. The cognitive pattern was the major symptoms pattern, explaining 26.2% of the variance; the other patterns each explained 6.5-9.5% of the variance. The cognitive pattern was higher in patients who were outpatients during the acute disease. The pain-syndrome pattern was associated with acute disease severity, higher in women and increased with age. The pulmonary pattern was associated with prior lung disease and severe acute disease. Only two of the patterns (cognitive and cardiac) were associated with failure to return to pre-COVID occupational and physical activity status.
conclusionLong COVID diverse symptoms can be grouped into six unique patterns. Using these patterns in future research may improve our understanding of pathophysiology and risk factors of persistent COVID, provide homogenous terminology for clinical research, and direct therapeutic interventions.
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