ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Toxic Psychosocial Stress, Resiliency Resources and Time to Dementia Diagnosis in a Nationally Representative Sample of Older Americans in the Health and Retirement Study from 2006-2016.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Risk of Psychosis among Patients with Dementia: the Roles of Loneliness, Life Satisfaction, Autonomy, Physical Health and Eyesight Loss.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- Perceived control, brain health, and cognitive reserve: longitudinal resilience mechanisms in Black, White, and Hispanic older adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Risk of dementia due to Co-exposure to air pollution and neighborhood disadvantage.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Early learning difficulties, childhood stress, race, and risk of cognitive impairment among US adults over age 50: A cross-sectional analysis.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Using the Age-Friendly Health Systems Framework to Track Wellness and Health Promotion Priorities of Older Adults in the Global Community.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Eliminating racial disparities in dementia risk by equalizing education quality: A sensitivity analysis.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundToxic stress (TS), resiliency-promoting factors (RPFs) and their interactions were investigated in relationship to incident dementia in a nationally representative sample (
methodsTS included experiences of everyday discrimination and RPF included personal mastery. Race/ethnicity was self-reported as African American, Caucasian, or Other. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated TS-, RPF- and race-associated hazard ratios (HR) for dementia diagnosis and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with adjustment for comorbidity, lifestyle, and socio-demographic confounders.
resultsDiscrimination-associated risk of dementia diagnosis on average increased with education level [discrimination x education,
conclusionsTS is a contextual driver of incident dementia that seemingly operates in a race and RPF-dependent fashion among American adults. Association pattern suggests that TS may overwhelm the cognitive reserve benefit of RPF particularly in status-inconsistent contexts including persons subjected to discrimination despite high education and persons of African American descent despite high mastery. Policies that reduce discrimination and promote equitable treatment by race/ethnicity may support cognitive resiliency and reduce the risk of dementia diagnosis in adult Americans.
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