ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Multiple COVID-19 Waves and Vaccination Effectiveness in the United States.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Predictive models for health outcomes due to SARS-CoV-2, including the effect of vaccination: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- SIRI+Q model with a limited capacity of isolation.Theory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften · 2025Article
- Evaluating the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns: Insights from unvaccinated mortality data.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Charity coverage and decreased COVID-19 mortality among uninsured patients in Texas: A retrospective cohort study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Estimate the number of lives saved by a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign in six states in the United States with a simple model.IJID regions · 2024Article
- Quantifying indirect and direct vaccination effects arising in the SIR model.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 genome incidence on the inanimate surface of the material used in the flow of biological samples from the collection point to the testing unit.Irish journal of medical science · 2024Article
- A comparative study between first three waves of COVID-19 pandemic with respect to risk factors, initial clinic-demographic profile, severity and outcome.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Relationship between on-demand telehealth visits and emergency department and hospital surge during the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2024Article
- What Influence Could the Acceptance of Visitors Cause on the Epidemic Dynamics of a Reinfectious Disease?: A Mathematical Model.Acta biotheoretica · 2024Article
- Perceived interpersonal distance changes in young Taiwanese pre and post SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Correlation of severity & clinical outcomes of COVID-19 with virus variants: A prospective, multicentre hospital network study.The Indian journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Assessing the prognostic utility of clinical and radiomic features for COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU: challenges and lessons learned.Harvard data science review · 2024Article
- Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible type COVID-19 spread with collective effects.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Impact of vaccinations, boosters and lockdowns on COVID-19 waves in French Polynesia.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Multivariate Analysis of Adverse Reactions and Recipient Profiles in COVID-19 Booster Vaccinations: A Prospective Cohort Study.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Improvement of the software for modeling the dynamics of epidemics and developing a user-friendly interface.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2023Article
- The Role of Toll-like Receptor-4 in Macrophage Imbalance in Lethal COVID-19 Lung Disease, and Its Correlation with Galectin-3.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- COVID-19 transmission dynamics and the impact of vaccination: modelling, analysis and simulations.Royal Society open science · 2023Article
- Effects of Target Variables on Interpersonal Distance Perception for Young Taiwanese during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
(1) Background: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused multiple waves of cases and deaths in the United States (US). The wild strain, the Alpha variant (B.1.1.7) and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were the principal culprits behind these waves. To mitigate the pandemic, the vaccination campaign was started in January 2021. While the vaccine efficacy is less than 1, breakthrough infections were reported. This work aims to examine the effects of the vaccination across 50 US states and the District of Columbia. (2) Methods: Based on the classic Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model, we add a delay class between infectious and death, a death class and a vaccinated class. We compare two special cases of our new model to simulate the effects of the vaccination. The first case expounds the vaccinated individuals with full protection or not, compared to the second case where all vaccinated individuals have the same level of protection. (3) Results: Through fitting the two approaches to reported COVID-19 deaths in all 50 US states and the District of Columbia, we found that these two approaches are equivalent. We calculate that the death toll could be 1.67-3.33 fold in most states if the vaccine was not available. The median and mean infection fatality ratio are estimated to be approximately 0.6 and 0.7%. (4) Conclusions: The two approaches we compared were equivalent in evaluating the effectiveness of the vaccination campaign in the US. In addition, the effect of the vaccination campaign was significant, with a large number of deaths averted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.