ReviewCancers2022
Knowns and Unknowns about CAR-T Cell Dysfunction.
Review in Cancers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advancing CAR-NK cell therapy in solid tumors: Current landscape and future directions.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Review
- Regulation of T Cell Senescence in Health and Diseases.Immune network · 2026Review
- A novel combination for in vivo breast cancer treatment: TAK1 inhibition combined with metformin and Lentinula edodes compounds synergistically reinvigorates CD8Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- CAR-T therapy for autoimmune rheumatic diseases: navigating clinical frontiers between breakthroughs and uncertainties.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Next-generation CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapies in hematologic malignancies: engineering for persistence, specificity, and safety.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- In vivo CAR-T cell therapy: New breakthroughs for cell-based tumor immunotherapy.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Limitations of CAR-T-Cell Therapy in Hematologic Malignancies: Focusing on Antigen Escape and T-Cell Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Clinical potential of CAR T cell-derived extracellular vesicles (CAR-EVs) in cancer therapy: a cell-free approach.Therapeutic delivery · 2025Review
- CAR T-cell immunotherapy as the next horizon in cancer eradication: current landscape, challenges, and future directions.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- TIPE2 combined with immune cell infiltration predicts prognosis in colorectal cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Differential susceptibility and role for senescence in CART cells based on costimulatory domains.Molecular cancer · 2025Article
- Metabolic reprogramming in T cell senescence: a novel strategy for cancer immunotherapy.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- CAR T cell therapy for central nervous system solid tumors: current progress and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- In-depth analysis of the safety of CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Breaking the shield of solid tumors: a combined approach for enhanced efficacy of CAR-T cells.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Review
- Dysfunctional natural killer cells can be reprogrammed to regain anti-tumor activity.The EMBO journal · 2024Article
- TOP CAR with TMIGD2 as a safe and effective costimulatory domain in CAR cells treating human solid tumors.Science advances · 2024Article
- CAR-T Cell Therapy in Ovarian Cancer: Where Are We Now?Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- T cell senescence: a new perspective on immunotherapy in lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- CAR T cell therapy for patients with solid tumours: key lessons to learn and unlearn.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells is a promising option for cancer treatment. However, T cells and CAR-T cells frequently become dysfunctional in cancer, where numerous evasion mechanisms impair antitumor immunity. Cancer frequently exploits intrinsic T cell dysfunction mechanisms that evolved for the purpose of defending against autoimmunity. T cell exhaustion is the most studied type of T cell dysfunction. It is characterized by impaired proliferation and cytokine secretion and is often misdefined solely by the expression of the inhibitory receptors. Another type of dysfunction is T cell senescence, which occurs when T cells permanently arrest their cell cycle and proliferation while retaining cytotoxic capability. The first section of this review provides a broad overview of T cell dysfunctional states, including exhaustion and senescence; the second section is focused on the impact of T cell dysfunction on the CAR-T therapeutic potential. Finally, we discuss the recent efforts to mitigate CAR-T cell exhaustion, with an emphasis on epigenetic and transcriptional modulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.