ReviewCancers2022
The Immune Landscape of Human Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma: Key Players, Clinical Implications, and Challenges.
Review in Cancers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanisms of obesity- and diabetes mellitus-related pancreatic carcinogenesis: a comprehensive and systematic review.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Pooled it
- Periductal Fibroblast Density Defines Lymphocyte Exclusion via a CD44-Dependent Stromal Checkpoint in Pancreatic Cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- CXCL11 recruits immunosuppressive cells to form a barrier at the invasive front of pancreatic cancer by activating the NF-κB/CCL2 axis.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Microbiome-pancreatic cancer crosstalk: From tumor biology to therapeutic intervention.iMetaOmics · 2026Review
- Review
- Targeting the αvβ5 Integrin Modifies the TGFβ-Rich Tumor Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Computed tomography quantitative imaging features for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy: a narrative review.Gland surgery · 2026Review
- Agonistic GITR treatment enhances antitumor immune responses and suppresses tumor progression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Shaping Tumor Microenvironment by Amplifying the Complement Cascade for Improved Immune Response in Pancreatic Cancer Model.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2026Article
- Epigenetic modulation to overcome immune suppression in pancreatic cancer.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Review
- Bioengineered Pancreatic Cancer Immunosuppressive Microenvironment Models for Screening Immunotherapies.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Nectin-4 reduces T cell effector function and is a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Application of group A streptococcal collagen-like protein 1-expressing Lactococcus as a novel immunotherapeutic against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Encoding functional edges in graphs to model spatially varying relationships in the tumor microenvironment.NPJ artificial intelligence · 2026Article
- Targeting IL-12 for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy: advances in delivery strategies and clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Camrelizumab Combined with Gemcitabine and Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel in Pancreatic Cancer Patients with Liver Metastases: A Prospective, Pilot Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Preclinical Fluorescence-Guided Imaging Leveraging Surrounding Sentinel Tumor Microenvironment Identifies High-Risk Premalignant Pancreatic Lesions.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Article
- Proteomic Profiling of EUS-FNA Samples Differentiates Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma from Mass-Forming Chronic Pancreatitis.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Sensitivity of Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines to Clinically Approved FAK Inhibitors: Enhanced Cytotoxicity Through Combination with Oncolytic Coxsackievirus B3.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Evaluation of tumor budding, desmoplastic reaction, and lymphocytic infiltration in predicting survival for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive and deadliest cancer worldwide with an overall survival rate, all stages combined, of still <10% at 5 years. The poor prognosis is attributed to challenges in early detection, a low opportunity for radical resection, limited response to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and resistance to immune therapy. Moreover, pancreatic tumoral cells are surrounded by an abundant desmoplastic stroma, which is responsible for creating a mechanical barrier, preventing appropriate vascularization and leading to poor immune cell infiltration. Accumulated evidence suggests that PDAC is impaired with multiple "immune defects", including a lack of high-quality effector cells (CD4, CD8 T cells, dendritic cells), barriers to effector cell infiltration due to that desmoplastic reaction, and a dominance of immune cells such as regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and M2 macrophages, resulting in an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Although recent studies have brought new insights into PDAC immune TME, its understanding remains not fully elucidated. Further studies are required for a better understanding of human PDAC immune TME, which might help to develop potent new therapeutic strategies by correcting these immune defects with the hope to unlock the resistance to (immune) therapy. In this review, we describe the main effector immune cells and immunosuppressive actors involved in human PDAC TME, as well as their implications as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.