Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35205015›Full record

ArticleChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Is Rituximab-Associated Hypogammaglobulinemia Always Linked to B-Cell Depletion?

Anthie Damianaki, Marianna Tzanoudaki, Maria Kanariou, Emmanouil Liatsis, Alexandros Panos, Alexandra Soldatou, Lydia Kossiva

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. A pathogen-detection's odyssey in a case of skull base osteomyelitis: Land ahoy!Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Anthie DamianakiSecond Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P & A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-2146-8644
Marianna TzanoudakiDepartment of Immunology-Histocompatibility, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-9630-142X
Maria KanariouDivision of Pediatric Immunology, IASO Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-0923-2118
Emmanouil LiatsisDepartment of Immunology-Histocompatibility, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Alexandros PanosSecond Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P & A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Alexandra SoldatouSecond Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P & A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Lydia KossivaSecond Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P & A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We describe a case of a 3-year-old male toddler with a history of severe and refractory warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia (w-AIHA) since early infancy and hypogammaglobulinemia persisting 20 months after rituximab administration (second-line rescue therapy). Specifically, although peripheral blood flow cytometry B-cell population counts signified B-cell recovery following completion of rituximab therapy, IgG levels were barely detectable. Detailed laboratory evaluation did not reveal any humoral or cell-mediated immunity impairment and the patient remained asymptomatic, without any infections or recurrence of w-AIHA. Due to severe hypogammaglobulinemia, he was placed on immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IVIG). The implemented PID (primary immunodeficiency) gene panel identified only variants of uncertain significance (VUS). The aim of this report is to underline the documentation of persisting hypogammaglobulinemia after rituximab despite peripheral blood B-cell reconstitution.

Indexed as

autoimmune hemolytic anemiahypogammaglobulinemiarituximabwarm antibody

Identifiers

PMID35205015
PMCPMC8870122

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.