ReviewChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Etiology, Risk Factors, and Diagnosis of Back Pain in Children and Adolescents: Evidence- and Consensus-Based Interdisciplinary Recommendations.
Review in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Postural Education in School-Aged Populations: Development and Usability Evaluation of a Mobile Biofeedback App (EduBack).JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- Whole-body biomechanical and lifestyle predictors of pediatric musculoskeletal pain: a multi-center cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with lower odds of backache in children and adolescents: A multinational analysis over 19 years.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Chronic Back Pain and Associated Factors in Children and Adolescents: Secondary Analysis of the 2001-2019 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- An observational cross-sectional study on the characteristics of children and adolescents with non-specific spinal pain stratified by pain severity.BMC pediatrics · 2024Observational
- Clinical presentation and imaging findings in juvenile-onset back pain: a ten-year hospital-based retrospective analysis in Douala (Cameroon).Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- How back pain influences daily activities and quality of life: Incidence of back pain related to age.Journal of children's orthopaedics · 2023Review
- Beliefs About Pain in Pediatric Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Chronic Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Scoping Review.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Orthopedic Pains in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Anesthesiology and pain medicine · 2023Article
- Severe lumbar pain in an adolescent due to idiopathic vena cava thrombosis: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2023Article
- Back Pain without Disease or Substantial Injury in Children and Adolescents: A Twin Family Study Investigating Genetic Influence and Associations.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Special Issue: Back Pain in Children and Adolescents.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Using a structured approach and expert consensus, we developed an evidence-based guideline on the diagnosis of back pain and the treatment of non-specific back pain in children and adolescents. The first part comprises etiology, risk factors, and diagnosis. The second part, published in the same issue, includes treatment and prevention. A comprehensive and systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant guidelines and studies. Based on the findings of this literature search, recommendations on risk factors and diagnosis were formulated and voted on by experts in a structured consensus-building process. Notable red flags for specific back pain and evidence-based risk factors for non-specific back pain in children and adolescents were identified. Only three evidence-based recommendations could be formulated for causes, red flags, and risk factors for back pain, while two recommendations are based on expert consensus. Regarding diagnostics, eight expert consensus recommendations and one evidence-based recommendation could be provided. Despite the importance of adequate diagnosis for the treatment of back pain in children and adolescents, results of this work confirm the deficit in research investment in this area.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.