ArticleBiomolecules2022
Retinoic Acid Grafted to Hyaluronic Acid Activates Retinoid Gene Expression and Removes Cholesterol from Cellular Membranes.
Article in Biomolecules, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Topical retinoids: Novel derivatives, nano lipid-based carriers, and combinations to improve chemical instability and skin irritation.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2024Pooled it
- Biodegradable furylacryloyl-modified hyaluronan: in vivo evaluation and its use as a nanofibrous drug delivery system.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Natural Product-Based Nanomicelles: Properties, Fabrication Strategies, and Therapeutic Applications in Diseases.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Hyaluronic Acid in Topical Applications: The Various Forms and Biological Effects of a Hero Molecule in the Cosmetics Industry.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Recent Advances of Hyaluronan for Skin Delivery: From Structure to Fabrication Strategies and Applications.Polymers · 2022Review
- Editorial of Special Issue "Hyaluronic Acid in Human Medicine".Biomolecules · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) is a potent ligand that regulates gene expression and is used to treat several skin disorders. Hyaluronic acid (HA) was previously conjugated with atRA (HA-atRA) to obtain a novel amphiphilic compound. HA-atRA forms micelles that incorporate hydrophobic molecules and facilitate their transport through the skin. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of HA-atRA on gene expression in skin cells and to compare it with that of unbound atRA. Gene expression was investigated using microarrays and a luciferase system with a canonical atRA promoter. HA-atRA upregulated gene expression similarly to atRA. However, HA-atRA activated the expression of cholesterol metabolism genes, unlike atRA. Further investigation using HPLC and filipin III staining suggested that the treated cells induced cholesterol synthesis to replenish the cholesterol removed from the cells by HA-atRA. HA modified with oleate (HA-C18:1) removed cholesterol from the cells similarly to HA-atRA, suggesting that the cholesterol removal stemmed from the amphiphilic nature of the two derivatives. HA-atRA induces retinoid signaling. Thus, HA-atRA could be used to treat skin diseases, such as acne and psoriasis, where the combined action of atRA signaling and anti-inflammatory cholesterol removal may be potentially beneficial.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.