Needle Tip Detection Using Ultrasound Probe for Vertical Punctures: A Simulation and Experimental Study.

Current ultrasound-guided punctures are difficult to perform as they are performed at an angle to the ultrasound image of the affected area, resulting in longer puncture times, lower success rates, and higher unexpected injury rates. Vertical puncture techniques have also been investigated, but the principle of needle tip detection remains unclear. To optimize ultrasound probes for puncture, the principle of needle tip detection should be understood. This study aimed to verify the principle of needle tip detection and optimal measurement conditions for vertical puncture. Needle tip detection was performed in animal experiments using a probe with a central puncture slit. Moreover, the needle tip was detected at short distances using a puncture spacer. We also investigated the signal from the needle tip using a ring probe and confirmed the principle of needle tip detection, effect of needle tip angle, and insertion depth on needle tip detection through simulation and experiments. Needle tip detection using ultrasound-guided waves was described, and the relationship among needle tip angle, detection intensity, and phase change was verified. The needle tip can be detected by the leakage of the ultrasound-guided wave generated inside the needle tip.