ArticleBrain sciences2022
High-Level Executive Functions: A Possible Role of Sex and Weight Condition in Planning and Decision-Making Performances.
Article in Brain sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Iowa Gambling Task: Men and Women Perform Differently. A Meta-analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2025Pooled it
- Ultraprocessed food, physical activity, and executive function: correlation and comparative study of university students in Mexico City and Salamanca.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Inhibition changes across the lifespan: experimental evidence from the Stroop task.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- Healthy Lifestyle Related to Executive Functions in Chilean University Students: A Pilot Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Relationship between Executive Functions and Body Weight: Sex as a Moderating Variable.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Revealing the Acute Effects of Dietary Components on Mood and Cognition: The Role of Autonomic Nervous System Responses.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Inhibition and Heart Rate Variability in Experimentally Induced Pain.Journal of pain research · 2023Article
- Article
- Assessment of executive functions in school-aged children: A narrative review.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Evidence indicates an association between executive functioning and increased weight, with different patterns ascribed to individual differences (sex, age, lifestyles). This study reports on the relationship between high-level executive functions and body weight. Sixty-five young adults participated in the study: 29 participants (14 males, 15 females) in the normal weight range; 36 participants (18 males, 18 females) in the overweight range. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Tower of London Task were administered to assess decision making and planning. Planning did not differ in individuals in the normal-weight and overweight groups, and no difference emerged between females and males. However, normal and overweight males and females had different patterns in decision making. On the long-term consequences index of the IGT, females reported lower scores than males. Males in the overweight range had a lower long-term consequences index on the IGT than normal-weight males, while this pattern did not emerge in females. These findings suggest that decision-making responses may differ in the overweight relative to healthy weight condition, with a different expression in males and females. This pattern should be considered in weight loss prevention strategies, possibly adopting different approaches in males and females.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.