ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Pattern of Antibiotic Dispensing at Pharmacies According to the WHO Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) Classification in Bangladesh.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Assessing Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Dentists on Antibiotic Use for Pediatric Dental Infections in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Bayesian modeling of Escherichia coli contamination in household drinking water in Bangladesh: evidence from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019.International health · 2026Article
- Non-prescription antibiotics dispensing for common infections using simulated patients.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- Lack of Knowledge and Training About Antibiotic Resistance Among Community Pharmacists in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Antibiotic dispensing practices in community pharmacies: Implications for antimicrobial stewardship in resource-constrained settings.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Iraqi Parents Regarding Antibiotic Use in Children and the Implications.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Status and implications of the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards AWaRe antibiotic use, resistance and stewardship among low- and middle-income countries.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- Increasing the use of the WHO AWaRe system in antibiotic surveillance and stewardship programmes in low- and middle-income countries.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- Knowledge, Attitudes, Motivations, Expectations, and Systemic Factors Regarding Antimicrobial Use Amongst Community Members Seeking Care at the Primary Healthcare Level: A Scoping Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comparative assessment of antibacterial drugs used at the hospital level before and during COVID-19, according to the WHO AWaRe classification.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Antibiotic dispensing behaviors for pediatric diarrhea: A qualitative study of informal healthcare providers in rural Bangladesh.PloS one · 2025Article
- Engaging rural communities in Bangladesh to address antimicrobial resistance via the community dialogue approach: a protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Understanding antibiotic purchasing practices in community pharmacies: A potential driver of emerging antimicrobial resistance.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Resistance and Co-Resistance of Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Genes in Diarrheal and Urinary-Tract Pathogens in Bangladesh.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Mobile Colistin-Resistant GenesAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic Consumption in a Secondary Care Hospital in Mexico.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic doses among pediatric patients of inpatient, outpatient, and emergency care units in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
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Abstract
The WHO Essential Medicines List Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification could facilitate antibiotic stewardship and optimal use. In Bangladesh, data on antibiotic dispensing in pharmacies according to the AWaRe classification are scarce. We aimed to explore antibiotic dispensing pattern in pharmacies according to the WHO AWaRe classification to aid pharmacy-targeted national antibiotic stewardship program (ASP). From January to July 2021, we interviewed drug-sellers from randomly selected pharmacies and randomly selected customers attending the pharmacies. We collected data on demographics and medicines purchased. We classified the purchased antibiotics into the Access, Watch, and Reserve groups among 128 pharmacies surveyed, 98 (76.6%) were licensed; 61 (47.7%) drug-sellers had pharmacy training. Of 2686 customers interviewed; 580 (21.6%) purchased antibiotics. Among the 580 customers, 523 purchased one, 52 purchased two, and 5 purchased three courses of antibiotics (total 642 courses). Of the antibiotic courses, the Watch group accounted for the majority (344, 53.6%), followed by the Access (234, 36.4%) and Reserve (64, 10.0%) groups. Approximately half of the antibiotics (327/642, 50.9%) were purchased without a registered physician's prescription. Dispensing of non-prescribed antibiotics was higher in the Access group (139/234, 59.4%), followed by Watch (160/344, 46.5%) and Reserve (28/64, 43.8%) groups. These findings highlight the need to implement strict policies and enforce existing laws, and pharmacy-targeted ASP focusing on proper dispensing practices to mitigate antimicrobial resistance in Bangladesh.
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